† SCARCE PRIESTs BELT VINTAGE ST FRANCIS of ASSISI SOIL from TOMB RELIC MEDAL †
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† SCARCE PRIESTs BELT VINTAGE ST FRANCIS of ASSISI SOIL from TOMB RELIC MEDAL †:
$199.99
† SCARCE PRIESTs BELT VINTAGEST FRANCIS of ASSISISOIL from TOMB RELIC MEDAL †
policy prohibits the sale of human remains and requires a disclosure of what the relics are: these relics are a piece of wood, which are allowed by FRENCH ANTIQUESVisitez ma Boutique : La Galerie de l AlpeSAINT FRANCIS of ASSISI.
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Francis of AssisiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the friar and patron saint. For other uses, seeFrancis of Assisi (disambiguation).Saint Francis of Assisi, O.F.M.
Co-patron of Italy, founder of the Seraphic OrderThe Stigmata of Saint Francis
byBartolomeo della Gatta, tempera on wood circa 1487Religious, deacon, confessor
stigmatist and religious founderBornGiovanni di Bernardone
1181 or 1182
Assisi,Duchy of Spoleto,Holy Roman EmpireDied3 October 1226 (aged 44 or 45 years old)
Assisi,Umbria,Papal States[1]VeneratedinRoman Catholic Church
Anglican Communion
Lutheran Church
Old Catholic ChurchCanonized16 July 1228,Assisi, ItalybyPope Gregory IXMajorshrineBasilica of San Francesco d\'AssisiFeast4 OctoberAttributesTau cross,dove, birds, animals, wolf at feet,Pax et Bonum,
Poor Franciscan habit,stigmataPatronageanimals; theEnvironment; Italy;merchants;stowaways;[2]Cub Scouts;San Francisco, California,Naga City,Cebu,tapestryworkers[3]
Saint Francis of Assisi(Italian:San Francesco d\'Assisi), bornGiovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named asFrancesco(1181/1182–3 October 1226),[1][4]was an ItalianRoman Catholicfriarand preacher. He founded the men\'sOrder of Friars Minor, the women’sOrder of Saint Clare, theThird Order of Saint Francisand theCustody of the Holy Land.[1]Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history.[1]
Pope Gregory IXcanonized Francis on 16 July 1228. Along withSaint Catherine of Siena, he was designatedPatron saintofItaly. He later became associated with patronage of animals and thenatural Environment, and it became customary for Catholic and Anglican churches to hold ceremonies blessing animals on hisfeast dayof 4 October.[5]
In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the Sultan to put an end to the conflict of theCrusades.[6]By this point, the Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational structure was no longer sufficient. He returned to Italy to organize the Order. Once his community was authorized by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. Francis is also known for his love of theEucharist.[7]In 1223, Francis arranged for the first Christmas livenativity scene.[8][9][10]According to Christian tradition, in 1224 he received thestigmataduring theapparitionofSeraphicangels in areligious ecstasy[8]making him the first recorded person in Christian history to bear the wounds ofChrist\'s Passion.[11]He died during the evening hours of 3 October 1226, while listening to a reading he had requested ofPsalm 142(141).
Early life[edit]At the end of this period (on February 24, 1209, according to Jordan of Giano), Francis heard asermonthat changed his life forever. The sermon was aboutMatthew10:9, in which Christ tells his followers they should go forth and proclaim that theKingdom of Heavenwas upon them, that they should take no money with them, nor even a walking stick or shoes for the road. Francis was inspired to devote himself to a life of poverty.[4]
Clad in a rough garment, barefoot, and, after the Gospel precept, without staff orscrip, he began to preach repentance.[4]He was soon joined by his first follower, a prominent fellow townsman, thejuristBernardo di Quintavalle, who contributed all that he had to the work. Within a year Francis had eleven followers. Francis chose never to be ordained a priest, and the community lived as \"lesser brothers\",fratres minoresin Latin.[4]The brothers lived asimple lifein the desertedlazar houseof Rivo Torto near Assisi; but they spent much of their time wandering through the mountainous districts ofUmbria, always cheerful and full of songs, yet making a deep impression upon their hearers by their earnest exhortations.[4]
Francis\' preaching to ordinary people was unusual since he had no license to do so.[1]In 1209 he composed a simple rule for his followers (\"friars\"), theRegula primitivaor \"Primitive Rule\", which came from verses in the Bible.
The rule was \"To follow the teachings of our Lord Jesus Christ and to walk in his footsteps\". In 1209, Francis led his first eleven followers to Rome to seek permission fromPope Innocent IIIto found a new religious Order.[21]Upon entry to Rome, the brothers encountered Bishop Guido of Assisi, who had in his companyGiovanni di San Paolo, theCardinal Bishop of Sabina. The Cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope InnocentIII, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope. Reluctantly, Pope Innocent agreed to meet with Francis and the brothers the next day. After several days, the pope agreed to admit the group informally, adding that when God increased the group in grace and number, they could return for an official admittance. The group wastonsured.[22]This was important in part because it recognized Church authority and prevented his following from possible accusations of heresy, as had happened to theWaldensiansdecades earlier. Though Pope Innocent initially had his doubts, following a dream in which he saw Francis holding up theBasilica of St. John Lateran(the cathedral of Rome, thus the \'home church\' of all Christendom), he decided to endorse Francis\' Order. This occurred, according to tradition, on April 16, 1210, and constituted the official founding of theFranciscan Order.[1]The group, then the \"Lesser Brothers\" (Order of Friars Minoralso known as theFranciscan Orderor theSeraphic Order), preached on the streets and had no possessions. They were centered in the Porziuncola and preached first in Umbria, before expanding throughout Italy.[1]
The Poor Clares and the Third Order[edit]Determined to bring the Gospel to all God\'s creatures, Francis sought on several occasions to take his message out of Italy. In the late spring of 1212, he set out for Jerusalem, but he was shipwrecked by a storm on theDalmatiancoast, forcing him to return to Italy. On May 8, 1213, he was given the use of the mountain ofLa Verna(Alverna) as a gift fromCountOrlando di Chiusi, who described it as “eminently suitable for whoever wishes to do penance in a place remote from mankind”.[24][25]The mountain would become one of his favourite retreats for prayer.[25]
In the same year, Francis sailed for Morocco, but this time an illness forced him to break off his journey in Spain. Back in Assisi, several noblemen (among themTommaso da Celano, who would later write the biography of St. Francis) and some well-educated men joined his Order. In 1215, Francis went again to Rome for theFourth Lateran Council. During this time, he probably met acanon,Dominic de Guzman[2](later to be Saint Dominic, the founder of the Friars Preachers, anotherCatholic religious order). In 1217, he offered to go to France. Cardinal Ugolino of Segni (the future Pope Gregory IX), an early and important supporter of Francis, advised him against this and said that he was still needed in Italy.
In 1219, accompanied by another friar and hoping to convert the Sultan of Egypt or win martyrdom in the attempt, Francis went to Egypt during theFifth Crusadewhere a Crusader army had been encamped for over a year besieging the walled city ofDamiettatwo miles (3.2 kilometres) upstream from the mouth of one of the main channels of the Nile. The Sultan,al-Kamil, a nephew ofSaladin, had succeeded his father as Sultan of Egypt in 1218 and was encamped upstream of Damietta, unable to relieve it. A bloody and futile attack on the city was launched by the Christians on August 29, 1219, following which both sides agreed to a ceasefire which lasted four weeks.[26]It was most probably during this interlude that Francis and his companion crossed the Saracen lines and were brought before the Sultan, remaining in his camp for a few days.[27]The visit is reported in contemporary Crusader sources and in the earliest biographies of Francis, but they give no information about what transpired during the encounter beyond noting that the Sultan received Francis graciously and that Francis preached to the Saracens without effect, returning unharmed to the Crusader camp.[28]No contemporary Arab source mentions the visit.[29]One detail, added by Bonaventure in the official life of Francis (written forty years after the event), has Francis offering to challenge the Sultan\'s \"priests\" to trial-by-fire in order to prove the veracity of the Christian Gospel.
Such an incident is alluded to in a scene in the late 13th-century fresco cycle, attributed to Giotto, in the upper basilica at Assisi (see accompanying illustration).[30]It has been suggested that the winged figures atop the columns piercing the roof of the building on the left of the scene are not idols (asErwin Panofskyhad proposed) but are part of the secular iconography of the sultan, affirming his worldly power which, as the scene demonstrates, is limited even as regards his own \"priests\" who shun the challenge.[31][32]Although Bonaventure asserts that the sultan refused to permit the challenge, subsequent biographies went further, claiming that a fire was actually kindled which Francis unhesitatingly entered without suffering burns. The scene in the fresco adopts a position midway between the two extremes.
According to some late sources, the Sultan gave Francis permission to visit the sacred places in the Holy Land and even to preach there. All that can safely be asserted is that Francis and his companion left the Crusader camp forAcre, from where they embarked for Italy in the latter half of 1220. Drawing on a 1267 sermon by Bonaventure, later sources report that the Sultan secretly converted or accepted a death-bed baptism as a result of the encounter with Francis.[33]The Franciscan Order has been present in theHoly Landalmost uninterruptedly since 1217 when Brother Elias arrived at Acre. It received concessions from theMamelukeSultan in 1333 with regard to certain Holy Places inJerusalemandBethlehem, and (so far as concerns the Catholic Church) jurisdictional privileges fromPope Clement VIin 1342.[34]
Reorganization of the Franciscan Order and death[edit]Francis preached the teaching of the Catholic Church, that the world was created good and beautiful by God but suffers a need for redemption because of the primordial sin of man. He preached to man and beast the universal ability and duty of all creatures to praise God (a common theme in the Psalms) and the duty of men to protect and enjoy nature as both the stewards of God\'s creation and as creatures ourselves.[37]On November 29, 1979,Pope John Paul IIdeclared St. Francis the Patron Saint of Ecology.[40]Many of the stories that surround the life of St. Francis say that he had a great love for animals and the Environment.[37]
Perhaps the most famous incident that illustrates the Saint\'s humility towards nature is recounted in the \"Fioretti\" (\"Little Flowers\"), a collection oflegendsand folklore that sprang up after the Saint\'s death. It is said that, one day, while Francis was travelling with some companions, they happened upon a place in the road where birds filled the trees on either side. Francis told his companions to \"wait for me while I go to preach to my sisters the birds.\"[37]The birds surrounded him, intrigued by the power of his voice, and not one of them flew away. He is often portrayed with a bird, typically in his hand.
Another legend from theFiorettitells that in the city ofGubbio, where Francis lived for some time, was awolf \"terrifying and ferocious, who devoured men as well as animals\".Francis had compassion upon the townsfolk, and so he went up into the hills to find the wolf. Soon, fear of the animal had caused all his companions to flee, though the saint pressed on. When he found the wolf, he made the sign of the cross and commanded the wolf to come to him and hurt no one. Miraculously the wolf closed his jaws and lay down at the feet of St. Francis.
\"Brother Wolf, you do much harm in these parts and you have done great evil\", said Francis. \"All these people accuse you and curse you ... But brother wolf, I would like to make peace between you and the people.\" Then Francis led the wolf into the town, and surrounded by startled citizens made a pact between them and the wolf. Because the wolf had “done evil out of hunger, the townsfolk were to feed the wolf regularly. In return, the wolf would no longer prey upon them or their flocks. In this mannerGubbiowas freed from the menace of the predator. Francis even made a pact on behalf of the town dogs, that they would not bother the wolf again. Finally, to show the townspeople that they would not be harmed, Francis blessed the wolf.
Then during the World Environment Day 1982, John Paul II said that St. Francis\' love and care for creation was a challenge for contemporary Catholics and a reminder \"not to behave like dissident predators where nature is concerned, but to assume responsibility for it, taking all care so that everything stays healthy and integrated, so as to offer a welcoming and friendly Environment even to those who succeed us.\" The same Pope wrote on the occasion of the World Day of Peace, January 1, 1990, the saint of Assisi \"offers Christians an example of genuine and deep respect for the integrity of creation ...\" He went on to make the point that: \"As a friend of the poor who was loved by God\'s creatures, Saint Francis invited all of creation – animals, plants, natural forces, even Brother Sun and Sister Moon – to give honor and praise to the Lord. The poor man of Assisi gives us striking witness that when we are at peace with God we are better able to devote ourselves to building up that peace with all creation which is inseparable from peace among all peoples.\"[41]
Pope John Paul II concluded that section of the document with these words, \"It is my hope that the inspiration of Saint Francis will help us to keep ever alive a sense of \'fraternity\' with all those good and beautiful things which Almighty God has created.\"
Feast day[edit]On 13 March 2013, upon hiselectionas Pope, Archbishop andCardinalJorge Mario Bergoglio ofArgentinachose Francis as hispapal namein honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, becomingPope Francis.[44]
At his first audience on 16 March 2013, Pope Francis told journalists that he had chosen the name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, and had done so because he was especially concerned for the well-being of the poor.[45][46][47]He explained that, as it was becoming clear during the conclave voting that he would be elected the new bishop of Rome, the Brazilian CardinalCláudio Hummeshad embraced him and whispered, \"Don\'t forget the poor\", which had made Bergoglio think of the saint.[48][49]Bergoglio had previously expressed his admiration for St. Francis, explaining that “He brought to Christianity an idea of poverty against the luxury, pride, vanity of the civil and ecclesiastical powers of the time. He changed history.\"[50]Bergoglio\'s selection of his papal name is the first time that a pope has been style=\"margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: style=\"margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">Canticum Fratris SolisorLaudes Creaturarum;Canticle of the Sun.
For a complete list, seeThe Franciscan Experience.[52]
Saint Francis is considered the first Italian poet by literary critics.[53]He believed commoners should be able to pray to God in their own language, and he wrote often in the dialect of Umbria instead of Latin. His writings are considered to have great literary and religious value.[54]
The anonymous 20th-century prayer \"Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace\" is widely but erroneously attributed to St. Francis.[55][56]
In art[† SCARCE PRIESTs BELT VINTAGE ST FRANCIS of ASSISI SOIL from TOMB RELIC MEDAL †:
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