1271 Fantastic Silver Canterbury Mint Long Cross King Edward I, Hammered Penny For Sale

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Edward I of England
1272-1307 King Edward I Penny Silver Hammered Coin
Canterbury Mint

1272-1307 King Edward I Penny Silver Hammered Coin

Canterbury mint.

Obv: + EDW R ANGL DNS HYB, crowned & draped bust facing.

Means: - Edward King of England Lord of Ireland.

Rev: CIVITAS CANTOR, long cross with three pellets in each angle.

Seaby #1389

Size: 19 mmWeight: 1.3 grams

Material: Silver

Edwardian coins

KingEdward I(1272–1307) succeeded his father while on Crusade in the Holy Land. Coin production had to continue while the king made his seven-year journey home, so long-cross pennies inscribedHENRICUS REX IIIcontinued to be produced at the Bury St Edmunds, Durham, and London mints. As Edward made his way home he concluded an important wool-trade treaty in theNetherlands, which indicated the importance of foreign trade at that time. He also acknowledged the need to improve the style and fineness of English coins to avoid the poor-quality coins which had sometimes appeared during earlier reigns and shaken public confidence in the currency. There was also a need for larger and smaller denominations since the penny had not changed much in 500 years, so successfully introduced. Finally there was the problem of clipping, for which the Jews were unfairly blamed (since powerful people including the king owed Jews money, persecuting them and forcing them to flee the country was an easy way to escape their debts). In response to all these pressures, a completely new coinage was struck in 1279 with a different design which made clipping much easier to detect. Millions of coins were struck at London and Canterbury and the public could take their old, underweight, short and long-cross pennies to the mint and exchange them for new coins of the correct weight and fineness. This exchange also served as a form of taxation as moneyers were required to charge a fee for the service. The new coins were much admired in Europe and were extensively copied there, often with poorer fineness silver — but this only made Edward's coins even more popular and severely drained the local supply of silver such that the export of English coins was forofferden in 1299. The strong, good-quality coins strengthened the economy and brought prosperity to the country.

The 1279 penny was different from earlier issues in many ways. The king's bust is more lifelike, facing the front, and the legend on the obverse is longer, usuallyEDW REX ANGL DNS HYB—Edward King of England Lord of Ireland. The reverse had a long cross going to the edge of the coin; the moneyer's name is omitted except for one issue, but the name of the mint is usually given in full, e.g.CIVITAS LONDONCity of London, or VILLA NOVI CASTRITown ofNewcastle. The new coins also contained aprivy mark, small differences such as a rose on the king's breast, differences in the king's hair style, or an alteration in the size of the king's eyes, or the style of a letter — these differences were not caused by carelessness but to enable identification of the moneyer who produced the coin, in place of giving the moneyer's name. Coins ofEdward II(1307—1327) were deliberately made very similar to those of his father. Edward I coins were minted at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Bristol, Bury St Edmunds, Canterbury, Chester, Durham, Exeter, Kingston-upon-Hull, Lincoln, London, Newcastle, Reading, and York.Edward IIcoins were only minted at Berwick, Bury St Edmunds, Canterbury, Durham, and London.

KingEdward III(1327–1377) succeeded his father at the age of 14. This reign was a period of conflict, withScotlandand France, which is reflected in his coins. In the first part of Edwards' reign only a small quantity of pennies was produced, in a similar style to those of his father. New gold coins, theNoble, Half Noble, and the Quarter Noble were introduced, followed later by the silver Groat or fourpence which became very popular and eventually superseded the penny in importance, together with the Half Groat which was also popular. Together with the production of half pennies and farthings, England had at last an adequate supply of varying denominations which benefited both internal trade and trade with other countries in Europe where English coins were readily acceptable.

Edward III's first coinage, between 1327 and 1335, is very similar to the Edward I and II pennies, with the inscriptionEDWAR ANGL DNS HYBaround a front-facing bust of the king; these pennies were minted in London, Bury St Edmunds, Canterbury, Durham, York, and Berwick on Tweed. No more pennies were minted until his third, or Florin, coinage in 1344–1351 (so-called because the dies were made by two craftsmen fromFlorence). In this coinage the king's hairstyle appears to be much longer and more unkempt. These coins were produced in London, Canterbury, Durham, Reading, and York. During the period of Edward's fourth coinage (1351–1377) politics affected the inscription on most coins, but to a lesser extent on the penny than on the larger coins, due to the lack of available space. Edward claimed the throne of France, but theTreaty of Brétignyin 1360 granted him land in France — on some coins, but not the penny, his overlordship ofAquitaineis recognised; after the treaty was repudiated by the French in 1369 the claim to France was reinstated and England and France went to war again, though England lost most of its French possessions Pre-treaty pennies were minted in London, Durham and York, with the obverse legendEDWARDUS REX ANGLI. During the Treaty period the Durham and York mints continued to mint pennies with that inscription, while ones produced by the London and Calais mints were inscribedEDWARD ANGL R DNS HYB. During the post-treaty period the Durham and York mints becameecclesiastical mints, under the authority of the local bishop or archbishop, and thus a source of money for the Church. Typical inscriptions of this period areEDWARD R ANGL FRANC, EDWARDUS REX ANGLIE FR, EDWARD REX ANGL FR—Edward King of England and France.

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