1755, Nurnberg (free City). Silver Reformation / Religious Peace Anniv. Medal. R For Sale

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1755, Nurnberg (Free City). Silver Reformation / Religious Peace Anniv. Medal. R!

Medallist: P.P. Werner
Mint Year: 1755 (MDCCLV)
Mint Place: Nurnberg (Free City)
References: Whiting 505, Erlanger 1141.
Condition: Light scratches in fields, otherwise VF-XF!
Denomination: Silver Medal - Reformation / Religious Peace Anniversary
Weight: 29.4gm (thaler weight!)
Diameter: 44mm
Material: Silver

Obverse: City goddess leaning on Imperial Arms, cherub with cornucopia before closed Temple of Janus, Permanence of Religious Peace.
Legend: PACIS RELIGIOSAE PERENNITAS / D . XXV . SEPT . MDLV . / P.P.W.

Reverse: Three chained pillars with Bible flanked by Augsburg Confession and Religious Peace Treaty.
Legend: TRIPLICI COPVLA ("Three United!")
Exergue: MEMORIAE BISSAECVLARI MDCCLV

The Protestant Reformation, also known as the Protestant Revolt, was led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers" who objected to ("protested") the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Catholic Church, led to the creation of new national Protestant churches. This was encouraged by the series of events such as the black death or Great Schism, that led to the loss of people's faith in the church. This plus many other factors contributed to the growth of lay criticism in the church, and the creation of the Protestant Religion. The Catholics responded with a Counter-Reformation, led by the Jesuit order, which reclaimed large parts of Europe, such as Poland. In general, northern Europe, with the exception of Ireland and pockets of Britain, turned Protestant, and southern Europe remained Catholic, while fierce battles that turned into warfare took place in central Europe. The largest of the new denominations were the Anglicans (based in England), the Lutherans (based in Germany and Scandinavia), and the Reformed churches (based in Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Scotland). There were many smaller bodies as well. The most common dating begins in 1517 when Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses, and concludes in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia that ended years of European religious wars.

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Philipp Melanchthon (February 16, 1497 – April 19, 1560), born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of Lutheranism. They both denounced what they claimed was the exaggerated cult of the saints, justification by works, and the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance that nevertheless could not offer certainty of salvation. Melanchthon made the distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. By the "law" he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament; the "gospel" meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ.

Melanchthon was the constant assistant of Luther in his translation of the Bible, and both the books of the Maccabees in Luther's Bible are ascribed to him.

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