† 18TH SAINT FRANCIS of ASSISI FRIARS MINOR RELIQUARY 1 RELIC WAX SEALED ITALY †

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† 18TH SAINT FRANCIS of ASSISI FRIARS MINOR RELIQUARY 1 RELIC WAX SEALED ITALY †:
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† 18THFRIARS MINORRELIQUARYST FRANCIS of ASSISIFOUNDER of the SERAPHIC ORDER.
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DIMENSIONS:
40 mmX 30mm X 5mmedit]The Friars minor[edit]

From then on, the new Order grew quickly with new vocations.[23]Hearing Francis preaching in the church ofSan Rufinoin Assisi in 1211, the young noblewomanClare of Assisibecame deeply touched by his message and realized her calling.[23]Her cousin Rufino, the only male member of the family in their generation, was also attracted to the new Order (which he joined). On the night ofPalm Sunday, March 28, 1212, Clare clandestinely left her family\'s palace. Francis received her at the Porziuncola and thereby established the Order of Poor Ladies, later calledPoor Clares.[23]This was an Order for women, and he gave Clare areligious habit, or garment, similar to his own, before lodging her and a few female companions in a nearby monastery ofBenedictinenuns. Later he transferred them to San Damiano.[3]There they were joined by many other women of Assisi. For those who could not leave their homes, he later formed the Third Order of Brothers and Sisters of Penance, a fraternity composed of eitherlaityor clergy whose members neither withdrew from the world nor tookreligious vows. Instead, they observed the principles of Franciscan life in their daily lives.[3]Before long, this Third Order grew beyond Italy.

Travels[edit]

By this time, the growing Order of friars was divided intoprovincesand groups were sent to France, Germany, Hungary, and Spain and to the East. Upon receiving a report of the martyrdom of five brothers inMorocco, Francis returned to Italy viaVenice.[35]CardinalUgolino di Contiwas then nominated by the Pope as the protector of the Order. Another reason for Francis\' return to Italy was that the friars in Italy were causing problems. The Franciscan Order had grown at an unprecedented rate compared to prior religious orders, but its organizational sophistication had not kept up with this growth and had little more to govern it than Francis\' example and simple rule.[3]To address this problem, Francis prepared a new and more detailed Rule, the \"First Rule\" or \"Rule Without aPapal Bull\" (Regula prima,Regula non bullata), which again asserted devotion to poverty and the apostolic life. However, it also introduced greater institutional structure though this was never officially endorsed by the pope.[3]

On September 29, 1220, Francis handed over the governance of the Order to Brother Peter Catani at the Porziuncola, but Brother Peter died only five months later, on March 10, 1221, and was buried there. When numerous miracles were attributed to the deceased brother, people started to flock to the Porziuncola, disturbing the daily life of the Franciscans. Francis then prayed, asking Peter to stop the miracles and to obey in death as he had obeyed during his life.

The reports of miracles ceased. Brother Peter was succeeded by Brother Elias asVicarof Francis. Two years later, Francis modified the \"First Rule\", creating the \"Second Rule\" or \"Rule With a Bull\", which was approved by Pope Honorius III on November 29, 1223.[3]As the official Rule of the Order, it called on the friars \"to observe the Holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, living in obedience without anything of our own and in chastity\". In addition, it set regulations for discipline, preaching, and entry into the Order.[3]Once the Rule was endorsed by the Pope, Francis withdrew increasingly from external affairs.[3]During 1221 and 1222, Francis crossed Italy, first as far south asCataniain Sicily and afterwards as far north asBologna.

While he was praying on the mountain of Verna, during a forty-day fast in preparation forMichaelmas(September 29), Francis is said to have had a vision on or about September 14, 1224, the Feast of theExaltation of the Cross, as a result of which he received thestigmata.[36]Brother Leo, who had been with Francis at the time, left a clear and simple account of the event, the first definite account of the phenomenon of stigmata.[2][36]\"Suddenly he saw a vision of a seraph, a six-winged angel on a cross. This angel gave him the gift of the five wounds of Christ.\"[36]Suffering from these stigmata and fromtrachoma, Francis received care in several cities (Siena,Cortona,Nocera) to no avail. In the end, he was brought back to a hut next to the Porziuncola. Here, in the place where it all began, feeling the end approaching, he spent the last days of his life dictating his spiritual Testament. He died on the evening of Saturday, October 3, 1226, singing Psalm 142 (141),\"Voce mea ad Dominum\". On July 16, 1228, he was pronounced a saint by PopeGregory IX(the former cardinal Ugolino di Conti, friend of Saint Francis and Cardinal Protector of the Order). The next day, the Pope laid the foundation stone for theBasilica of Saint Francisin Assisi. Francis was buried on May 25, 1230, under the Lower Basilica, but his tomb was soon hidden on orders of Brother Elias to protect it from Saracen invaders. His exact burial place remained unknown until it was re-discovered in 1818. Pasquale Belli then constructed for the remains a crypt in neo-classical style in the Lower Basilica. It was refashioned between 1927 and 1930 into its present form by Ugo Tarchi, stripping the wall of its marble decorations. In 1978, the remains of Saint Francis were examined and confirmed by a commission of scholars appointed byPope Paul VI, and put into a glass urn in the ancient stone tomb.

Character and legacy[edit]

On 13 March 2013, upon hiselectionas Pope, Archbishop andCardinalJorge Mario Bergoglio ofArgentinachose Francis as hispapal namein honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, becomingPope Francis.[44]

At his first audience on 16 March 2013, Pope Francis told journalists that he had chosen the name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, and had done so because he was especially concerned for the well-being of the poor.[45][46][47]He explained that, as it was becoming clear during the conclave voting that he would be elected the new bishop of Rome, the Brazilian CardinalCláudio Hummeshad embraced him and whispered, \"Don\'t forget the poor\", which had made Bergoglio think of the saint.[48][49]Bergoglio had previously expressed his admiration for St. Francis, explaining that “He brought to Christianity an idea of poverty against the luxury, pride, vanity of the civil and ecclesiastical powers of the time. He changed history.\"[50]Bergoglio\'s selection of his papal name is the first time that a pope has been namedFrancis.[a]

Protestantism[