1845 Memoirs GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON U.S. President INDIANS NEW ORLEANS Eulogy

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1845 Memoirs GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON U.S. President INDIANS NEW ORLEANS Eulogy:
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Memoirs of General Andrew Jackson, Seventh President of the United States: To Which Is Added the Eulogy of Geo. Bancroft Delivered at Washington, George Bancroft. J. C. Derby, 1845.

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Andrew Jackson(March 15, 1767– June 8, 1845) was theseventhPresident of the United States(1829–1837). He was born near the end of thecolonial era, somewhere near the then-unmarked border betweenNorthandSouth Carolina, into a recently immigratedScots-Irishfarming family of relatively modest means. During theAmerican Revolutionary WarJackson, whose family supported the revolutionary cause, acted as a courier. He was captured, at age 13, and mistreated by his British captors. He later became a lawyer. He was elected to theU.S. House of Representatives, and then to theU.S. Senate. In 1801, Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia, which became his political as well as military base. Jackson owned hundreds of slaves who worked on theHermitage plantationwhich he acquired in 1804. Jackson killed a man in a duel in 1806, over a matter of honor regarding his wifeRachel. Jackson gained national fame through his role in theWar of 1812, most famously where he won a decisive victory over the main British invasion army at theBattle of New Orleans. Jackson\'s army was then sent to Florida where he deposed the small Spanish garrison. This led directly tothe treatywhich formally transferred Florida from Spain to the United States.

Nominated for president in 1824, Jackson narrowly lost toJohn Quincy Adams. Jackson\'s supporters then founded what became theDemocratic Party.Nominated again in 1828, Jackson crusaded against Adams and the \"corrupt bargain\" between Adams and Henry Clay he said cost him the 1824 election. Building on his base in the West and new support from Virginia and New York, he won by a landslide. The Adams campaigners called him and his wifeRachel Jackson\"bigamists\"; she died just after the election and he called the slanderers \"murderers,\" swearing never to forgive them. His struggles with Congress were personified in his personal rivalry withHenry Clay, whom Jackson deeply disliked, and who led the opposition (the emergingWhig Party). As president, he faced a threat of secession fromSouth Carolinaover the \"Tariff of Abominations\" which Congress had enacted under Adams. In contrast to several of his immediate successors, he denied the right of a state to secede from the union, or to nullify federal law. TheNullification Crisiswas defused when the tariff was amended and Jacksonthreatenedthe use of military force if South Carolina (or any other state) attempted to secede.

Congress attempted to reauthorize theSecond Bank of the United Statesseveral years before the expiration of its charter, which he opposed. He vetoed the renewal of its charter in 1832, and dismantled it by the time its charter expired in 1836. Jackson\'s presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the \"spoils system\" in American politics. Also, he supported, signed, and enforced theIndian Removal Act, which relocated a number of native tribes toIndian Territory(nowOklahoma). He faced and defeated Henry Clay in the1832 Presidential Election, and opposed Clay generally. Jackson supported his vice presidentMartin Van Buren, who was elected president in 1836. He worked to bolster the Democratic Party and helped his friendJames K. Polkwin the 1844 presidential election.