CARTHAGE ZEUGITANA 201BC Tanit Horse LARGE 3 Shekels Ancient Greek Coin i56321

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CARTHAGE ZEUGITANA 201BC Tanit Horse LARGE 3 Shekels Ancient Greek Coin i56321:
$427.50

Item: i56321

Authentic Ancient Coin of:

Greek city of Carthage in Zeugitana
Bronze 3 Shekels 27mm (19.42 grams) Struck circa 201-175 B.C.
Reference: Cf. MAA 105; cf. Müller, Afrique 242–50; cf. SNG Copenhagen 409–13
Head of Tanit left, wearing wreath of grain ears and single-pendant earring.
Horse advancing right; Punic letter below.

* Numismatic Note: Rare large denomination bronze coin of Carthage.

You are offerding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.

Tanit was aPhoenician lunargoddess, worshiped as thepatron goddess atCarthage where from the fifth century BCE onwards her name is associated with that ofBaal Hammon and she is given the epithet pene baal (\"face of Baal\") and the title rabat, the female form of rab (chief) (Markoe 2000:130). Tanit and Baal Hammon were worshiped in Punic contexts in the Western Mediterranean, fromMalta toGades into Hellenistic times. In North Africa, where the inscriptions and material remains are more plentiful, she was, as well as a consort of Baal, a heavenly goddess of war, a virginal mother goddess and nurse, and, less specifically, a symbol of fertility. Several of the major Greek goddesses were identified with Tanit by the syncretic interpretatio graeca, which recognized as Greek deities in foreign guise the gods of most of the surrounding non-Hellene cultures.

Stele with Tanit\'s symbol in Carthage \'s Tophet, including a crescent moon over the figure

Her shrine excavated atSarepta in southern Phoenicia revealed an inscription that identified her for the first time in her homeland and related her securely to thePhoenician goddessAstarte (Ishtar). One site where Tanit was uncovered is atKerkouan, in the Cap Bon peninsula in Tunisia.

The origins of Tanit are to be found in the pantheon ofUgarit, especially in the Ugaritic goddessAnat (Hvidberg-Hansen 1982), a consumer of blood and flesh. There is significant, albeit disputed, evidence, both archaeological and within ancient written sources (Markoe 2000:136), pointing towards child sacrifice forming part of the worship of Tanit and Baal Hammon.

Tanit was also a goddess among the ancientBerber people.

Her symbol, found on many ancient stone carvings, appears as atrapezoid/trapezium closed by a horizontal line at the top and surmounted in the middle by a circle: the horizontal arm was often terminated either by two short upright lines at right angles to it or by hooks. Later, the trapezoid/trapezium was frequently replaced by an isosceles triangle.The symbol is interpreted by Hvidberg-Hansen as a woman raising her hands.

In Egyptian, her name means Land of Neith,Neith being a war goddess.

In modern times the name, with the spelling \"Tanith\", has been used as a female given name, both for real people and, more frequently, in occult fiction.

Carthage (Arabic:قرطاج Qarāj‎,Ancient Greek:ΚαρχηδώνKarkhēdōn, Kartajen,Hebrew: קרתגו‎ kartago,Latin: Carthago or Karthago, from thePhoenician Qart-ḥadašt קַרְתְּ חַדַשְתְּ meaning New City, implying it was a \'new Tyre\') refers to a series of cities on theGulf of Tunis, from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BCE to the current suburb outsideTunis,Tunisia.

The first civilization that developed within the city\'s sphere of influence is referred to as Punic (a form of the word \"Phoenician\") or Carthaginian. The city of Carthage is located on the Eastern side ofLake Tunis across from the centre of Tunis. According to Roman legend it was founded in 814 BCE byPhoenician colonists from Tyre under the leadership of Elissa (Queen Dido). It became a large and rich city and thus a major power in the Mediterranean. The resulting rivalry withSyracuse andRome was accompanied by several wars with respective invasions of each other\'s homeland.Hannibal\'s invasion of Italy in theSecond Punic War culminated in the Carthaginianvictory at Cannae and led to a serious threat to the continuation of Roman rule over Italy; however, Carthage emerged from the conflict at its historical weakest. After theThird Punic War, the city was destroyed by the Romans in 146 BCE. However, the Romans refounded Carthage, which became one of the three most important cities of the Empire and the capital of the short-livedVandal kingdom. It remained one of the most important Roman cities until the Muslim conquest when it was destroyed a second time in CE 698.

The study of the history ofCarthage is often problematic. Due to the subjugation of the civilization by the Romans at the end of theThird Punic War, very few Carthaginianhistorical primary sources survive. There are a few ancient translations ofPunic texts into Greek and Latin, as well as inscriptions on monuments and buildings discovered in North Africa. However, the majority of available primary source material about Carthaginian civilization was written byGreek andRoman historians, such asLivy,Polybius,Appian,Cornelius Nepos,Silius Italicus,Plutarch,Dio Cassius, andHerodotus.

These authors came from cultures which were nearly always in competition, and often in conflict, with Carthage. The Greeks contested with Carthage for Sicily, for instance, and theRomans fought thePunic Wars against Carthage. Inevitably the accounts of Carthage written by outsiders include significant bias. Recent excavation of ancient Carthaginian sites has brought much more primary material to light. Some of these finds contradict or confirm aspects of the traditional picture of Carthage, but much of the material is still ambiguous.

Carthage was one of a number of Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean that was created to facilitate trade from the cities of Sidon, Tyre and others fromPhoenicia, which was situated in the coast of what is now Syria, Lebanon and Israel. In the10th century BC, the Eastern Mediterranean shore was inhabited by variousSemitic-speaking populations, who had built up flourishing civilizations. The people inhabiting what is now Lebanon called their language Canaanite, but were referred to as Phoenicians by theGreeks. ThePhoenician language was very close to ancient Hebrew, to such a degree that the latter is often used as an aid in translation of Phoenician inscriptions.

The Phoenician cities were highly dependent on both land- and seaborne trade and their cities included a number of major ports in the area. In order to provide a resting place for their merchant fleets, to maintain a Phoenician monopoly on an area\'s natural resource, or to conduct trade on its own, the Phoenicians established numerous colonial cities along the coasts of the Mediterranean, stretching from Iberia to the Black Sea. They were stimulated to found their cities by a need for revitalizing trade in order to pay the tribute extracted fromTyre,Sidon, andByblos by the succession of empires that ruled them and later by fear of complete Greek colonization of that part of the Mediterranean suitable for commerce. The initial Phoenician colonization took place during a time when other neighboring kingdoms (Greek, Hittite, Cretan) were suffering from a “Dark Age”, perhaps after the activities of theSea Peoples.

Carthage was founded byPhoenician settlers from the city ofTyre, who brought with them thecity-godMelqart.Philistos of Syracuse dates the founding of Carthage to c. 1215 BC, while the Roman historianAppian dates the founding 50 years prior to theTrojan War (i.e. between 1244 and 1234 BC, according to the chronology ofEratosthenes). The Roman poetVirgil imagines that the city\'s founding coincides with the end of the Trojan War. However, it is most likely that the city was founded sometime between 846 and 813 BC.

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