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Coney Islandis apeninsularresidential neighborhood,beach, and leisure/entertainment destination on the Coney Island Channel, which is part of theLower Bayin the southwestern part of theboroughofBrooklyn,New York City. The site was formerly anouter barrier islandbut became partially connected to the rest ofLong Islandbyland fill. The residential portion of the peninsula is a community of 60,000 people in its western part, withSea Gateto its west,Brighton BeachandManhattan Beachto its east, the Lower Bay to the south, andGravesendto the north.

Coney Island is well known as the site ofamusement parksand aseaside resort. The attractions reached a historical peak during the first half of the 20th century, declining in popularity afterWorld War IIand years of neglect. In recent years, the area has seen the opening ofMCU Parkstadium and has become home to theBrooklyn Cyclonesminor league baseballteam, as well as the opening of a new amusement park among several adjacent ones.

Geography[edit]The Coney Island peninsula from the air

Coney Island is the westernmost part of thebarrier islandsofLong Island, and is about 4 miles (6.4km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80km) wide lying betweenSheepshead Bayto the east andLower New York Bayto the west. It was formerly an island that was separated from the main part of Brooklyn byConey Island Creek, a partial tidalmudflats, but it has since been developed into a peninsula. There were plans early in the 20th century to dredge and straighten the creek as aship canal, but they were abandoned, and the center of the creek was filled in completely to allow construction of theBelt ParkwaybeforeWorld War II, and it was filled in again in 1962 with the construction of theVerrazano–Narrows Bridge.[1]The western and Eastern ends of the island are now peninsulas.

History[edit]Settlement and name[edit]

The originalNative Americaninhabitants of the region were theLenape, who called the islandNarrioch. This name has been attributed the meaning of \"land without shadows\"[2]or \"always in light\"[3]describing how its south facing beaches always remained in sunlight. A second meaning attributed toNarriochis \"point\" or \"corner of land\".[4]The Dutch established the colony ofNieuw Amsterdamin that area in the early 17th century. The Native American population in the area dwindled as the Dutch settlement grew and the entire southwest section of what was to become Brooklyn was purchased from an elder in 1645 for a gun, a blanket and a kettle.[5][6]

There is no clear historical consensus on how the island got the name \"Coney Island\".[7]ARobert Mordenmap from 1690 has the label \"Conney Iſle\"[8]and the name appears on an 1733 map (\"Coney Iſland\")[9]and an 1811 map (\"Coney I\").[10]The most popular theory is the name came from the old spelling of the Dutch word forrabbit, \"conyn\", derived from a purported large population of wild rabbits, giving it the name \"Conyne Eylandt\" (\"Rabbits Island\"),[11][12]with the name being anglicized to \"Coney Island\" after the English took over the colony in 1664, \"coney\" being the English version of the word rabbit. Other origins of the name include that it came from the name of thenative americantribe, theKonoh, who supposedly once inhabited it, or the name \"Conyn\" which appears in a 1816 work on New York place names, believed to be the surname of a family of Dutch settlers who lived there.[7]

Some of the alternative theories on how the island got its name include theIrish Gaelicname for rabbit which isCoinín, which is also anglicized to Coney. Ireland has many islands named Coney Island, all of which predate this one. Another theory has an Irish captain named Peter O\'Connor naming Coney Island in the 18th century, after an island inSligo Bayknown as bothConey IslandandInishmulclohy. Another purported origin is that the island is named afterHenry Hudson\'s right-hand-man, John Coleman, supposed to have been slain by Indians.[7]

Map of Coney Island in 1879Development[edit]

Hotel era[edit]Developmenton Coney Island has always been controversial. When the first structures were built around the 1840s, there was an outcry to prevent any development on the island and preserve it as anatural park. Starting in the early 1900s, the City of New York made efforts to condemn all buildings and piers built south of Surf Avenue. It was an effort to reclaim the beach which by then had almost completely been built over with bath houses, clam bars, amusements, and other structures. The local amusement community opposed the city. Eventually a settlement was reached where the beach did not begin until 1,000 feet (300m) south of Surf Avenue, the territory marked by a city-owned boardwalk, while the city would demolish any structures that had been built over public streets, to reclaim beach access.

Railroad station in Coney Island, Brooklyn, ca. 1872–1887

Coney Island started to become a resort area after the Coney Island Hotel was finished in 1829.[13]Due to Coney Island\'s proximity toManhattanand other boroughs, and its simultaneous relative distance from the city of Brooklyn to provide the illusion of a proper vacation, it began attracting vacationers in the 1830s and 1840s, assisted by carriage roads and steamship service that reduced travel time from a formerly half-day journey to two hours.[14]:15Most of the vacationers were wealthy and went by carriage. InventorSamuel Coltbuilt an observation tower on the peninsula in 1845, but he abandoned the project soon after.[13]In 1847, the middle class started going to Coney Island upon the introduction of a ferry line to Norton\'s Point—named after hotel ownerMichael Norton—at the western portion of the peninsula. Gang activity started as well, with one 1870s writer noting that going to Coney Island could result in losing money and even lives.[13]

In 1868,William A. Engemanbuilt a resort in the area.[15]The resort was given the name \"Brighton Beach\" in 1878 byHenry C. Murphyand a group of businessmen, who chose to name as an allusion to the English resort city ofBrighton.[16]With the help of Gravesend\'s surveyorWilliam Stillwell, Engeman acquired all 39 lots for $20,000, a \"bargain price.\"[17]This 460-by-210-foot (140 by 64m) hotel, with rooms for up to 5,000 people nightly and meals for up to 20,000 people daily, was close to the then-rundown western Coney Island, so it was mostly the upper middle class that went to this hotel. The 400-foot (120m), double-decker Brighton Beach Pavilion was also built nearby.[17]\"Hotel Brighton\" (or Brighton Beach Hotel) was situated on the beach at what is now the foot ofConey Island Avenue,[15]and was accessed by theBrooklyn, Flatbush, and Coney Island Railway(the present-dayBMT Brighton Line), which opened on July 2, 1878.[18]

Simultaneously, wealthy bankerAugust Corbinwas developing adjacentManhattan Beachafter being interested in the area during a trip to the beach to heal his sick son.[15][19]Corbin, who worked onWall Streetand had manyrailroadinvestments, built theNew York and Manhattan Beach Railwayfor his two luxury shoreline hotels. These hotels were used by the wealthy upper class, who would not go to Brighton Beach because of its proximity to Coney Island.[15]TheJ. Pickering Putnam-designed, 150-room Manhattan Beach Hotel, with restaurants, ballrooms, and shops, was open for business by 1877 at a ceremony presided over byUlysses S. Grant.[19]In 1880, the similarly prodigal Oriental Hotel, which hosted rooms for wealthy families staying for extended periods, opened.[19]

Andrew R. Culver, president of theProspect Park and Coney Island Railroad(the present-dayIND Culver Line)[20]had built a steam railway to West Brighton, theCulver Line, before Corbin and Engeman had even built their railroads. For 35 cents, one could ride the Prospect Park & Coney Island Railroad to theSurf Avenue terminal.[15]Across the street from the terminal, the 300-foot (91m) Iron Tower, bought from the1876 Philadelphia Exposition, provided patrons with a bird\'s-eye view of the coast. The nearby \"Camera Obscura\" similarly used mirrors and lens to provide a panoramic view of the area.[15]Coney Island became a major resort destination after the Civil War as excursionrailroadsand theConey Island & Brooklyn Railroadstreetcar linereached the area in the 1860s, and theIron steamboat companyin 1881.

Dreamlandtower and lagoon in 1907

The 150-suite Cable Hotel was built nearby in 1875.[18]Next to it, on a 12-acre (4.9ha) piece of land leased by James Voorhies,maitre d\'Paul Bauer built the western peninsula\'s largest hotel, which opened in 1876.[15]By the turn of the century, Victorian hotels, private bathhouses, andvaudevilletheaters were a common sight on Coney island.[21]:147

From the 1870s through the first decade of the 1900s, these three resort areas—Brighton Beach, Manhattan Beach and West Brighton—competed with each other for clientele, with West Brighton gradually becoming the most popular destination by the early 1900s.[22]

Theme park era[edit]First Coney Island Charles Looff carousel

Between about 1880 andWorld War II, Coney Island was the largest amusement area in the United States, attracting several million visitors per year. At its height, it contained three competing major amusement parks,Luna Park,Dreamland, andSteeplechase Park, as well as many independent amusements.[21]:147–150The area was also the center of new technological events, with electric lights, roller coasters, andbaby incubatorsamong the innovations at Coney Island in the 1900s. This continued through the end of World War II, withworld\'s fair-style structures such as theParachute JumpandWonder Wheel.[21]:147

Charles I. D. Looff, aDanishwoodcarver, built the first carousel and amusement ride at Coney Island in 1876.[23]It was installed at Vandeveer\'s bath-house complex at West 6th Street and Surf Avenue. The complex was later called Balmer\'s Pavilion. The carousel consisted of hand-carved horses and animals standing two abreast. Two musicians, a drummer and a flute player, provided the music. A metal ring-arm hung on a pole outside the ride, feeding small, iron rings for eager riders to grab. A tent-top protected the riders from the weather. The fare was five cents.

From 1885 to 1896, theElephantine Colossus, a seven story building (including abrothel) in the shape of an elephant, was the first sight to greet immigrants arriving in New York, who would see it before they saw theStatue of Liberty.[24]The Coney Island \"Funny Face\" logo, which is still extant, dates 100 years to the early days of George C. Tilyou\'sSteeplechase Park.[25]

Coney Island,c. 1914, byEdward Henry Potthast

When theBrooklyn Rapid TransitCompany electrified the steam railroads and connected Brooklyn toManhattanvia theBrooklyn Bridgeat the beginning of the 20th century, Coney Island turned rapidly from a resort to an accessible location for day-trippers seeking to escape the summer heat in New York City\'stenements.[18][26]In 1915, theSea Beach Linewas upgraded to asubwayline, followed by the other former excursion roads, and the opening of theNew West End Terminalin 1919 ushered in Coney Island\'s busiest era.[18][26]

Since the 1920s, all property north of the boardwalk and south of Surf Avenue was zoned for amusement and recreational use only, with some large lots of property north of Surf also zoned for amusements only.

Robert Moses era[edit]Bathers in Coney Island by Irving Underhill, in theBrooklyn MuseumcollectionConey Island, circa 1940

In 1944,Luna Parkwas damaged by fire, and sold to a company who announced they were going to tear down what was left of Luna Park and build apartments.Robert Moseshad the land rezoned for residential use with the proviso that the apartment complex include low-income housing.

After World War II, contraction began seriously from a series of pressures.Air conditioninginmovie theatersand then in homes, along with the advent ofautomobiles, which provided access to the less crowded and more appealingLong Islandstate parks, especiallyJones Beach, lessened the attractions of Coney\'s beaches.Luna Parkclosed in 1946 after a series of fires and thestreet gangproblems of the 1950s spilled into Coney Island. The presence of threatening youths did not impact the beachgoing but discouraged visitors to the rides and concessions, staples of the Coney Island economy. The local economy was particularly impacted by the 1964 closing ofSteeplechase Park.

In 1949, Moses moved the boardwalk back from the beach several yards, demolishing many structures, including the city\'s municipal bath house. He would later demolish several blocks of amusements[21]:149to clear land for both theNew York Aquarium[27]:687and theAbe Stark Rink.[28]:56Critics complained that Moses took three times more land than each structure needed, surrounding each with vacant lots that were of no use to the city. Four years later, Moses had the entire peninsula rezoned for residential use only and announced plans to demolish the amusements to make room for public housing. After many public complaints, the Estimate Board reinstated the area between West 22nd Street and The Cyclone as amusement only and threw in 100 feet (30m) of property north of Surf Av. between these streets. It has since then been protected for amusement use only, which has led to many public land battles.

Fred Trump era[edit]Coney Island snack shops along the boardwalk

In 1964, Coney Island\'s last remaining large theme park,Steeplechase Park, closed. The rides were saleed off, and the property was sold to developerFred Trump, the father ofDonald Trump. Trump, convinced that the amusement area would die off once the large theme parks were gone, wanted to build luxury apartments on the old Steeplechase property. He spent ten years battling in court to get the property rezoned. At one point Trump organized a funeral for amusement parks in Coney Island. Trump invited the press to the funeral where bikini-clad girls first handed out hot dogs, then handed out stones which Fred invited all to cast through the stained-glass windows of the pavilion. Then, pronouncing the amusement park dead, he had the pavilion bulldozed. After a decade of court battles, Trump exhausted all his legal options and the property was still zoned only for amusements. He eventuallyleasedthe property toNorman Kaufman, who ran a small collection of fairground amusements on a corner of the site, calling his amusement park \"Steeplechase Park\".

A 1973 photo of an abandoned \'Giant Slide\' that had been set up for a few years on the old Steeplechase site.[29]

Between the loss of both Luna Park and the original Steeplechase Park, as well as an urban-renewal plan that took place in the surrounding neighborhood where middle class houses were replaced with housing projects, fewer people visited Coney Island. With attendance dropping, many amusement owners abandoned their properties. In the late 1970s, the city came up with a plan to revitalize Coney Island by bringing in gambling casinos, as had been done inAtlantic City. The city\'s plans backfired when the prospect of selling property to rich casino owners created a land boom where property was bought up and the rides cleared in preparation of reselling to developers. Gambling was never legalized for Coney, and the area ended up with vacant lots.

By the 1970s, the area was in dispute. The city was considering demolishing theCyclonein favor of an extension of the adjacentNew York Aquarium.[21]:153In 1979, the city purchased Steeplechase Park from Fred Trump and proceeded to evict Norman Kaufman\'s amusements. By this time, Kaufman had expanded his park and had plans to eventually rebuild the historic Steeplechase Park. He had even bought back the original Steeplechase horse ride with plans to install it the following season. But the city decided it did not want to wait decades for Steeplechase park to be rebuilt and believed it could attract a developer to build a large combination theme park and casino on the site. The property remained vacant for another five years.

Bullard deal and demolition of Thunderbolt[edit]Co-ops on Coney Island

In the mid-1980s, businessmanHorace Bullardapproached the city to allow him to rebuild Steeplechase Park. He had already bought several acres of property just east of the Steeplechase Park site, including the property with a large coaster calledThunderboltand property west of Abe Stark rink.[21]:150His plans called for the combination of his property as well as the Steeplechase property and the unused property on the Abe Stark site as a multimillion-dollar theme park based on the original. The city agreed, and it and the state legislature approved the project in 1986.[21]:150However, several bureaucrats held up the project for another two years while theNYC Planning Commissioncompiled an Environmental impact report. In 1987, state senatorThomas Bartosiewicsattempted to block Bullard from building on the Steeplechase site. Bartosiewics was part of a group called The Brooklyn Sports Foundation which had promised another theme park developer, Sportsplex, the right to build on the site. Construction was held up for another four years as Bullard and Sportsplex fought over the site.[citation needed]

In 1994, afterRudy Giulianitook office asmayor of New York, he negated the Bullard deal by buildinga baseball stadiumon the site allotted for Steeplechase Park.[21]:150Giuliani stated that he wanted to build Sportsplex, provided that it included a stadium for a minor-league team owned by the Mets; however, when Giuliani ordered the stadium to be built first, Sportsplex accused the city of planning to build a parking lot on the property earmarked for the Sportsplex construction. Giuliani publicly denied this and promised Sportsplex could begin construction the moment the stadium was finished.[citation needed]By doing this, Giuliani wanted to improve sports facilities in the area, as well as found a professional baseball team in Brooklyn (which had not hosted such a team since 1957, when theBrooklyn Dodgers—now theLos Angeles Dodgers—moved toLos Angeles).[30]

As soon as the stadium was completed, Giuliani nullified the Sportsplex deal and had the parking lot built, angering many in the community.[31]The Mets decided the minor league team would be called the Brooklyn Cyclones and sold the naming rights to the stadium toKeyspan Energy. Executives from Keyspan complained that the stadium\'s line of view from the rest of Coney Island amusement area was blocked by the now derelict Thunderbolt coaster and considered not going through with the deal.[citation needed]Bullard, now no longer rebuilding Steeplechase Park, had wanted to restore the Thunderbolt as part of a scaled-down amusement park. The following month in \"an early-morning raid\" on the site, Giuliani, who stated that the Thunderbolt was about to collapse, had the coaster demolished; however, full destruction of the supposedly structurally unstable coaster took weeks.[21]:150No connection between the Mets organization and the demolition has ever been proven, but Giuliani was later accused of tearing it down at the Mets\' request.[citation needed]

Thor Equities ownership[edit]Initial interest[edit]The Wonder Wheel and Astroland Park from a Coney Island beach

In 2003, MayorMichael Bloombergtook an interest in revitalizing Coney Island as a possible site for theNew York City offerof the2012 Summer Olympics. A plan was developed by theAstella Development Corporation. When the city lost the offer for the Olympics, revitalization plans were passed on to the Coney Island Development Corporation (CIDC), which came up with a plan to restore the resort. Many amusement owners worried that because one of the report\'s goals to develop the area as a year-round destination, they could be forced out as their businesses are only seasonal and did not meet the CIDC\'s year-round goal. The CIDC also suggested that property north of Surf Avenue and west of Abe Stark should be rezoned for other uses including residential to lure developers into the area.[citation needed]Shortly before the CIDC\'s plans were publicly released, a development company,Thor Equities, purchased all of Bullard\'s 168,000-square-foot (15,600m2) western property, worth $2.2 million, for $13 million. In less than a year, Thorflippedthe property toTaconic Investment Partnersfor over $90 million.[21]:158Taconic now had 100 acres (40ha), on which it planned to build 2,000 apartment units.[21]:158–159[32]

Thor then went about using much of its $77 million profit to purchase property well over market value lining Stillwell Avenue and offered to buy out every piece of property inside the traditional amusement area. Quickly, rumors started that Thor was interested in building a retail mall in the heart of the amusement area.[21]:158–159In September 2005, Thor\'s founder,Joe Sitt, went public with his new plans, which he claimed was going to be a large Bellagio-style hotel resort surrounded by rides and amusements. Alternatively, there would also be \"high-rise luxury condominiums\" or aLas Vegas Strip-style casino resort area.[21]:159He also claimed that the interior of the resort would have an indoor mall that would allow local amusement owners to relocate their rides and operate them indoors year round and made promises that he had no intention of driving out any local amusement owners and wanted them all to be part of his new resort. Sitt released renderings of a hotel that would take up the entire amusement area from the Aquarium to beyond Keyspan Park and would most likely need to involve the demolition of The Wonder Wheel, Cyclone, and Nathan\'s originalhot dogstand, as well as the newKeyspan Park.[21]:159

At the same time, Brooklyn was involved with two other major development projects: thePacific Parkproject, which involvedeminent domain, and theBrooklyn Bridge Parkproject, which involved the demolition of a building with landmark status. Many feared that the city had already backed Thor\'s plans and that the entire amusement district would be demolished to make way for the new multimillion-dollar resort; in addition, Thor Equities had acquired infamy for convincing the city to rezone property, then flipping it for large prices.[32]

Sale[edit]Senior housing on Coney Island

Astrolandowner Carol Hill Albert, whose husband\'s family had owned the park since 1962, sold the site to developer Thor Equities in November 2006 for an undisclosed amount. In June 2006Ehrenkrantz Eckstut & Kuhn(EEK), an architectural design firm working for Thor, released detailed renderings of Thor\'s planned resort area showing luxury high rise condo towers in place of the hotel with retail on the ground floor. Since the area has both zoning restrictions only allowing amusements and no buildings taller than 260 feet (79m). Thor initially denied any inclusion of condo towers in its plans and Eek quickly removed the renderings from its site, but not before blogs everywhere published copies of the renderings. Thor quickly released renderings of rides, including a steel coaster that would run above the boardwalk, a two tiered carousel, and a fountain at the foot of Stillwell Av. that would project images of whales and mermaids. Thor admitted that condos would be part of its resort and said that the resort was not economically feasible without the addition of condos. At a public meeting Thor representatives continued to downplay the condos by claiming that the company only wanted to build hundreds of condo units, not thousands. While Thor initially said it only wanted to build 575 condos the number crept up to 975. Late in 2006 Thor announced that it had just purchased Coney Island\'s last remaining amusement park, Astroland, and would be closing it after the 2007 season. Immediately Thor announced plans to build a Nickelodeon-themed hotel on the site.

In January 2007, Thor released renderings for a new amusement park to be built on the Astroland site called Coney Island Park.[33]Critics pointed out that even though Thor claimed its project would expand the amusement area, the company had already evicted several acres of amusements from the property it bought and planned to evict the rest of the amusements on the property after the 2007 season, as well as close Astroland.

Meanwhile, the city brought up its own concerns about Thor\'s plans based on history with the developer. In 2001 Thor purchased the Albee Square Mall for $25 million claiming it wanted to revitalize it. Thor said it wanted to give the mall a Vegas-style makeover and bring in more name brand retail while maintaining the original vendors occupying the mall. The city complied and rezoned the property to permit the building of an office tower above the mall. Soon after, Thor sold the property to Arcadia Reality Trust for $125 million. Arcadia plans to demolish the mall and build the tower only with a possible box store on the ground level. City officials questioned Thor\'s motives for wanting the zoning changes inside the amusement zone and feared that once Thor gets those changes, it will flip the property to the highest buyer who will have no obligation to build any amusements. In the winter of 2007, Thor began to evict businesses from the buildings it owned along the boardwalk. But when one of the business owners went to the press with a statement that Thor was requiring its tenants to sign a confidentiality clause that lasted three years and prevented them from publicly commenting on Thor redeveloping the area, Thor quickly reinstated their leases.

Low tide on the beach west of the pier

Thor proposed a $1.5 billion renovation and expansion of the Coney Island amusement area to include hotels, shopping, movies, an indoor water park and the city\'s first new roller coaster since the Cyclone. The Municipal Art Society launched the initiativeImagineConey,[34]in early 2007, as discussion of a rezoning plan that highly favored housing and hotels began circulating from the Department of City Planning.[35]MAS held several public workshops, a call for ideas, and a charrette to garner attention to the issue.

Astroland, which had served as a major amusement park since 1962, closed in 2008[36]and was replaced by a new incarnation of Dreamland in 2009 and ofLuna Parkin 2010.

City Planning certified the rezoning plan in January 2009 to negative responses from all amusement advocates and Coney Island enthusiasts. In 2012 the plan was working through the ULURP process.[37]Thor Equities said it hoped to complete the project by 2011.[38]Thor Equities plan to demolish most of the iconic, early 20th-century buildings along Surf Avenue. In their place, Sitt plans to build cheap, one-story retail, and his recently released rendering clearly shows Burger King and Taco Bell-like buildings.[39]The Aquarium is also planning a renovation.[40]In June 2009, the city\'s planning commission unanimously approved the construction of 4,500 units of housing and 900 affordable units and vowed to \"preserve, in perpetuity, the open amusement area rides that everyone knows and loves,\" while protesters argued that \"20 percent affordable-housing component is unreasonably low.\"[41]

2010s[edit]

Besides Luna Park, the remaining parks and attractions includeDeno\'s Wonder Wheel Amusement Park, 12th Street Amusements, and Kiddie Park, while the Eldorado Arcade has an indoor bumper car ride. The Zipper and Spider on 12th Street were closed permanently on September 4, 2007, and dismantling began after its owner lost his lease. They are to be reassembled at an amusement park inHonduras.[42]

On April 20, 2011, the first new roller coasters to be built at Coney Island in eighty years were opened as part of efforts to reverse the decline of the amusement area.[43]

In 2012,Hurricane Sandycaused major damage to the Coney Island amusement parks, the Aquarium, and businesses. Nathan\'s, however, reported that theNathan\'s Hot Dog Eating Contestwould be held the following summer, as usual.[44]Luna Park at Coney Island reopened on March 24, 2013.[45]Rebuilding of the Aquarium started in early 2013 and is expected to finish in 2017.

Theme parks and attractions[edit]See also:Luna Park, Coney Island (1903);Dreamland (amusement park); andSteeplechase Park

Currently, Coney Island has two amusement parks —Luna ParkandDeno\'s Wonder Wheel Amusement Park— as well as several rides that are not incorporated into either theme park. Coney Island also has several other visitor attractions and hosts renowned events as well. Coney Island\'s amusement area is one of a few in the United States that is not mostly owned by any one entity.[21]:153

Rides[edit]Coney Island Cycloneroller coasterThe Wonder WheelTheParachute Jump

Thecurrent amusement parkcontains various rides, games such asskeeballand ball tossing, and asideshow, including games of shooting, throwing, and tossing skills. The rides and other amusements at Coney Island are owned and managed by several different companies and operate independently of each other. It is not possible to purchaseseason ticketsto the attractions in the area.

Three rides at Coney Island are protected as designated New York City landmarks and are listed in theNational Register of Historic Places. These three rides are:

Wonder Wheel– built in 1918 and opened in 1920, this steelFerris wheelhas both stationary cars and rocking cars that slide along a track. It holds 144 riders, stands 150ft (46m) tall, and weighs over 200 tons. At night, the Wonder Wheel\'s steel frame is outlined and illuminated by neon tubes.[46]It is located at Deno\'s Wonder Wheel Amusement Park.
The Cycloneroller coaster– built in 1927, it is one of the United States\'s oldest wooden coasters still in operation. Popular with roller coaster aficionados, the Cyclone includes an 85ft (26m), 60-degree drop. It is owned by the City of New York, and was operated byAstroland, under a franchise agreement. It is now located in and operated byLuna Park.
Parachute Jump– originally built as theLife SaversParachute Jump at the1939 New York World\'s Fair, this was the first ride of its kind. Patrons were hoisted 190ft (58m) in the air before being allowed to drop using guy-wired parachutes. Although the ride has been closed since 1968, it remains a Coney Island landmark and is sometimes referred to as Brooklyn\'sEiffel Tower. Between 2002 and 2004, it was completely dismantled, cleaned, painted, and restored, but remains inactive. After an official lighting ceremony in July 2006, the Parachute Jump was slated to be lit year-round using different color motifs to represent the seasons. However, this idea was scrapped when New York City started conserving electricity in the summer months, and it has not been lit regularly since.

Other notable, currently operating attractions include:

The newThunderboltroller coaster, opened in 2014B&B Carousell

Thunderbolt– In March 2014, construction started on the newThunderboltcoaster at Coney Island. TheThunderboltwill be manufactured byZamperlaat a cost of US$10 million and will have a 90-degree vertical drop, followed by a 100-foot loop and a zero-gravity roll, along with dives, hills and a corkscrew— all within two minutes. The ride will feature 2,000 feet (610m) of track, a height of 125 feet (38m), and a top speed of 65 miles per hour (105km/h).[47]Thunderboltwill feature threeinversionsincluding avertical loop,corkscrew, and anImmelmann loop.[48][49][50][51]TheThunderbolt, will be located near Surf Avenue and West 15th Street in Coney Island will be constructed with 2,233 feet of track that will stretch to a height of 115 feet and will be built next to the B&B Carousell, an antique merry-go-round that underwent an extensive restoration and reopened last summer. The opening of theThunderbolt, expected to be by Memorial Day 2014,[52][53]was pushed back to June 6, 2014,[54][55][56]and in early June, it was delayed once again to later in summer 2014.[57]Finally, on June 14, theThunderboltwas opened.[58]
B&B Carousell[sic] (as spelled by the frame\'s builder,William F. Mangels)– this is Coney Island\'s last traditionalcarousel, near the old entrance toLuna Parkbut now surrounded byfurniturestores. The carousel is faster than usual, with a traditional roll-operatedfairground organ. When the long-term operator died unexpectedly, the carousel was put up for sale, with fears that it would leave Coney Island or be broken up for sale to collectors. However, the City of New York bought the B&B Carousell a few days before the sale; it has since been dismantled, with plans to operate it again in Coney Island in 2013 in a newly constructed carousel pavilion that will be built in Steeplechase Plaza, a 2.2-acre public plaza that is also scheduled to be open for the 2013 season. All the other carousels on Coney Island are kiddie park-style.[59][60]For the restoration, Theresa Rollison, a painter with Carousels and Carvings, custom-mixed more than 80 colors to replicate the original hues. She then applied salmon pink, lemon yellow, metallic silver and maroon, using natural brushes made from badger, squirrel, and hog bristle. “I wouldn’t have chosen to put some of the colors together, but overall it works,” she said.[61]The final part of the restoration was new horsehair tails for the 50 horses, and with that the New York City Economic Development Corp paid $1,700,000 for the restoration.[62]For decades, Coney Island was something of a carousel headquarters. In the late 1800s, carousel makers set up shops there, and by the turn of the century, two dozen merry-go-rounds were operating on the island. There even evolved a Coney Island school of carousel design, distinct from the more staid Philadelphia and County Fair styles. The Coney Island style was characterized by a flamboyant, aggressive-looking horse— neck straining, nostrils flaring, and tongue lolling.The B&B was built in Coney Island, with a frame dating to 1906, and at some point, it operated in New Jersey, although it is unclear for how long. In the early 1920s it received a new set of horses that were carved by Charles Carmel, one of Coney Island’s celebrated carousel makers. It had returned to Brooklyn by 1935.[63][64][65][66]
Bumper cars– there are three separate bumper car rides on Coney Island, located on 12th street, Deno\'s Wonder Wheel Park, and Eldorado\'s Arcade on Surf Avenue.
Haunted houses– two traditionaldark ridehaunted houses operate at Coney Island,Spook-a-Ramaat Deno\'s andGhost Holeon 12th street.

The originalThunderboltin 1995

Former rides include:

Thunderbolt– this roller coaster across the street from Steeplechase Park was constructed in 1925 and closed in 1983. It was torn down by the city \"to protect public safety\" in 2000 during the construction of nearby Keyspan Park. In theWoody AllenmovieAnnie Hall, Allen\'s character\'s family lives in the small house-like structure under the rear of the roller coaster track.
Tornado– this roller coaster was constructed in 1926. It suffered a series of small fires which made the structure unstable, and was torn down in 1977.
Steeplechase ParkHorse Race– created by a Coney Island resident George C. Tilyou in 1897, this ride consisted of people riding wooden horses around the park on a steel track.[67]

Beach[edit]The beach at Coney Island in 2007, with the west end of theRockaway Peninsula(Breezy Pointtip) visible on the horizon.

Coney Island maintains a broad sandy beach from West 37th Street at Sea Gate, through the central Coney Island area andBrighton Beach, to the beginning of the community ofManhattan Beach, a distance of approximately 2.5mi (4.0km). The beach is continuous and is served for its entire length by the broadRiegelmann Boardwalk. A number of amusements are directly accessible from the land-side of the boardwalk, as is the aquarium and a variety of food shops and arcades.

The beach is groomed and replenished on a regular basis by the city. The position of the beach and lack of significant obstructions means virtually the entire beach is in sunlight all day. The beach is open to all without restriction, and there is no charge for use. The beach area is divided into \"bays\", areas of beach delineated by rockjetties, which moderateerosionand the force of ocean waves.[citation needed]

TheConey Island Polar Bear Clubconsists of a group of people who swim at Coney Island throughout the winter months, most notably onNew Year\'s Day, when additional participants join them to swim in the frigid waters.

The beach serves as the training grounds for theConey Island Brighton Beach Open Water Swimmers(CIBBOWS),[68]a group dedicated to promotingopen water swimmingfor individuals of all levels. CIBBOWS hosts several open water swim races each year, such as Grimaldo\'s Mile and the New York Aquarium 5k, as well as regular weekend training swims.[68]

Other attractions[edit]

Nearby, theNew York Aquarium, which opened in 1957 on the former site of theDreamlandamusement park, is another attraction on Coney Island. In 2001,KeySpan Parkopened on the former site ofSteeplechase Parkto host theBrooklyn Cyclonesminor league style=\"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT: medium \'Times New Roman\'; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-stretch: normal\">

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