HAUNTINGLY REALISTIC OLD Zhuang Teak Shaman Mask Guangxi China

When you click on links to various merchants on this site and make a purchase, this can result in this site earning a commission. Affiliate programs and affiliations include, but are not limited to, the eBay Partner Network.

HAUNTINGLY REALISTIC OLD Zhuang Teak Shaman Mask Guangxi China:
$750.00

HAUNTINGLY REALISTIC

OLD Zhuang Teak Shaman Mask

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina

100% HAND CARVED

A MUST HAVE FOR ANY REAL COLLECTOR

THIS IS AN EXTREMELY RARESHAMAN MASK HAND CARVED BY THE ZHUANG PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION OF SOUTHERN CHINA. THE ZHUANG PEOPLE OF THAT REGION STILL PRACTICE AN ANIMIST AND ANCESTOR WORSHIP RELIGION AND MASK SUCH AS THIS ARE USED IN RELIGIOUS RITUALS, EXORCISMS AND FESTIVALS BY SHAMAN. IN ZHUANG CULTURE THE SHAMAN IS THE KEEPER OF ALL RELIGIOUS AND CEREMONIAL MASKS AS THEY ARE CONSIDERED SACRED AND BELIEVED TO CONTAIN SPECIAL POWERS. MASK SUCH AS THIS ARE EXCEEDING RARE AND DIFFICULT TO FIND AND OBTAIN THESE DAYS. I WAS VERY FORTUNATE TO HAVE BEEN ABLE TO FIND AND PROCURE IT DURING MY MOST RECENT VISIT TO GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION..THE DETAILED CARVING IN THIS MAS IS ASTOUNDING. IT ISHAUNTINGLYREALISTIC. THE WOOD HAS BEEN CARVED VERY THIN MAKING THE MASKDELICATEAND IT SHOULD BE HANDLED VERY CAREFULLY. IF YOU ARE A COLLECTOR YOUR REALLY DON\'T WANT TO MISS OUT ON THIS RARE BEAUTY.NOW IT CAN BE YOURS. DON\'T LET THIS UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY PASS YOU BY... BUY IT NOW! (NOTE: I have included more info on the Zhuang People below)

SIZE: APPROX 12 inches X 7 inches X 3 inches (CAN BE SEEN IN PHOTOS)

MATERIALS: TEAK WOOD

AGE: Circa 1900

Don\'t let this unique opportunity pass you by... Buy It Now!

THANKS FOR YOUR TIME AND CONSIDERATION.... DOBUYDON

SHIPPING (PLEASE READ)

I will ship your item via InternationalRegistered Air Mail as soon as payment is received. Registered Mail is the mostreliable and secure method of shipping and guarantees that your item willarrive. I have never lost any registered mail shipments. Normal shipping timeto most locations is 10-14 business days. Sometimes it can take longer… pleasebe patient. Onceyour shipment arrives, a signaturewill be required. If no one is available to sign for the shipment the postoffice should leave a notice and you may have to go pick up your item.

Expedited shipping viaInternational Express Mail Service (EMS) is available for an extra charge.Normal shipping time to most locations via EMS is 5 working days. Please emailme for a price quote if you desire express shipping.

Please remember to check customsregulations before importing items that may be restricted in your country.

PROBLEMS–If you haveany problems I ask that you please email me so that we can resolve any issuesbetween ourselves.

ONCE YOU RECEIVE YOURSHIPMENT-Iask that you please email and let me know that you have received the shipmentas soon as possible. If you are happy with the item and with the service that Ihave provided, I ask that you please leave POSITIVE response. I strive toprovide 5 STAR products and services...Thanks again for your support….Dobuydon.

Zhuang peopleFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaZhuang people
壮族
BouxcuenghMadame XianNong ZhigaoZheng XianfuXiao ChaoguiCen ChunxuanLu RongtingWei BaqunHuang XianfanLi NingTotal population18 millionRegions with significant populationsChinaLanguagesZhuang style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;\">IndigenousZhuang ethnic article containsChinesetext.Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead ofChinese characters.Zhuang peopleChinese nameSimplified Chinese壮族Traditional nameZhuangBouxcuengh(pronounced /pou˦˨ ɕueŋ˧/)

TheZhuang are anethnic groupwho mostly live in theGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regioninsouthern China. Some also live in They form one of the56 ethnic groupsofficially recognized by thePeople\'s Republic of China. With theBuyi,Tay–Nùng, and other northernTai speakers, they are sometimes known as theRauor Rao. Their population, estimated at 18 million people, puts them second only to theHan Chineseand makes the Zhuang the largest minority in China.

Contents[hide]

1Chinese character names
2Customs and Culture
- 2.1Language
- 2.2Religion
- 2.3Sawndip Literature
- 2.4Food
3History
- 3.1Prehistory
- 3.2Chinese Empires
- 3.3Modern times
4Distribution
- 4.1By county
5Notable Zhuang people
6Notes and references
7See also
8External links

Chinese character names[edit]

TheChinese characterused for the Zhuang people has changed several times. Theirautonym, \"Cuengh\" inStandard Zhuang, was originally written with thegraphic pejorativeZhuàng獞(ortóng, meaning \"a variety of wild dog\"[1]). Chinese characters typically combine a semantic element orradicaland a phonetic element.John DeFranciscallsZhuàng獞, with the \"dog radical\"犭and atóng童phonetic, anethnic slurand describes how thePeople\'s Republic of Chinaremoved it.[2]In 1949, after theChinese civil war, the logograph獞was officially replaced withZhuàng僮(ortóng\"child; boy servant\"), with the \"human radical\"亻and the same phonetic. Later, during the standardization ofsimplified Chinese characters,Zhuàng僮was changed to a completely different characterZhuàng壮(meaning \"strong; robust\").

Customs and Culture[edit]Main article:Zhuang customs and cultureLanguage[edit]Main article:Zhuang language

TheZhuang languagesare a group ofmutually unintelligiblelanguages of theTai family, heavily influenced by various dialects of Chinese.[3]TheStandard Zhuanglanguage is based on a northern dialect but few people learn it, therefore Zhuang people from different dialect areas use one of a number of Chinese dialects to communicate with each other.[4]According to a 1980s survey, 42% of Zhuang people are monolingual in Zhuang, while 55% are bilingual in Zhuang and Chinese. Whilst according to some semi-official sources \"InGuangxi,compulsory educationis bilingual in Zhuang and Chinese, with a focus on early Zhuang literacy.[3]\" in fact only small percentage of schools teach written Zhuang. Zhuang has been written usinglogogramsbased onChinese characters(\"Sawndip\") for over one thousand years. Standard Zhuang, the official alphabetical script, was introduced in 1957, and in 1982 theCyrillicletters were changed toLatinletters, however the traditional character based script is still more commonly used in less formal domains.[5]

The Zhuang have their own scriptures written in poetical form such as theBaeu Rodo.[6][7]

Religion[edit]Qiaojian town, a Zhuang town inLong\'an County,Guangxi

Most Zhuang follow a traditionalanimistfaith known asShigongismor Moism, which include elements ofancestor worship.[8]The Mo have their ownsutraand professional priests known asbu mowho traditionally use chicken bones for divination. In Moism, the creator is known as Bu Luotuo and the universe is tripartite, with all things composed from the three elements of heaven, earth, and water.

There are also a number ofBuddhists,Taoists, andChristiansamong the Zhuang.[9]

Sawndip Literature[edit]Main article:Sawndip literature

For over one thousand years the Zhuang have usedSawndipto write a wide variety of literature, including folk songs, operas, poems, scriptures, letters, contracts, and court documents.[10]The works include both entirely indigenous works and translations from Chinese, fact and fiction, religious texts and secular texts that give us insight in to the life of the Zhuang and the people they have had contact with over a period of two millennia in awriting systemthat is still used to this day.

Food[edit]

Zhuang cuisine includes many salty and sour dishes such as pickled cabbage, pickled vegetables and pork, and driedfish. A common Zhuang drink is \"oil tea\", tea leaves fried in oil with rice grains brewed and drunk with peanuts or a rice information:Austro-Tai languagesandPeopling of Thailand

While Chinese scholarship continues to place the \"Zhuang–Dong languages\" among theSino-Tibetan family, other linguists treat theTai languagesas a separate family. Another family with which they have been linked is theAustronesian languages, which dispersed from Taiwan after a migration from the mainland. However theAustro-Thai hypothesisuniting these families is now supported by few scholars.[11]However genetic evidence also points out Zhuang possesses a very high frequency of Haplogroup O2 with most of them being subclade O2a making it the most dominant marker, a marker which they share with Austro-Asiatic, the other portion of O2 belongs to subclade O2a1. Zhuangs also have prevalent frequencies of O1 which links them with Austronesian, but O1 is at much lower rate compared to O2a and only slightly higher than O2a1. Haplogroup O2 in Taiwan aborigines is almost completely non-existent, but they exhibit very high frequencies of O1. This suggests that after the separation of Tai and Austronesian, Tai-Kadai speakers assimilated mostly Austro-Asiatic people into their population.[12]

Chinese Empires[edit]

The Zhuang are the indigenous peoples of Guangxi.[13][14]The Zhuang\'s origins can be traced back to the paleolithic ancient human.,[15]as demonstrated by a large amount of contemporary archaeological evidence.[16][17]

The earliest historical records of the Zhuang so far discovered are among theRock Paintings of Hua Mountain, dated to theWarring States period(475–221 BC) of Chinese history.

Chinese historical documents are minimal prior to their primitive lives in the region, simply referring to the lands south of theYangtzeas the \"Hundred Yue\".Qin Shihuang\'s southern invasions are detailed inSima Qian\'sRecords of the Grand Historian. The initial thrustsouth of the Nanlingproved disastrous, with the generalTu Suifalling in battle around 218 BC, but his engineer Shi Lu completed the construction of theLing Canal, which linked theXiangandLirivers. By 214,Zhao TuoandRen Xiaohad returned and pacified theWestern Valley Yue, opening up Guangxi and the south to the immigration of hundreds of thousands of Chinese.

At the fall of theQin Dynastya decade later,Zhao Tuo, using his position as the commander of theNanhai Commandery, formed a state centered onPanyucalledSouthern Yue(Nanyue). Alternatively submissive to and independent ofHancontrol, this Kingdom expanded colonization andSinificationunder its policy of \"Harmonizing and Gathering the Hundred Yue\" (和集百越) but was supported by the Zhuang[citation needed]until its collapse in 111 BC.

Zhuang\'s Women Artists inLongzhou

TheHan Dynastyreduced local authority and established military posts atGuilin,Wuzhou, andYulin. An uprising in Vietnam led by theTrưng sisterswas put down in AD 42 by generalMa Yuan, who is recorded as helping to pacify the regions by improving its irrigation networks and improving various Han laws.[18]Despite his efforts, immigration of theYaofrom nearChangshaunsettled the region.

Under theTang, the Zhuang moved to support the Tai kingdom ofSouthern Zhao(Nanzhao) in Yunnan which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754. Guangxi was then divided into an area of Zhuang ascendancy west of Nanning and an area of Han ascendancy east of Nanning.

After the collapse of the Southern Zhao,Liu Yanestablished theSouthern Han(Nanhan) in Guangdong. Although this state gained minimal control over the Zhuang, the Southern Han were plagued by instability and annexed by theSong Dynastyin 971.

Harassed by both Song and theJiaozhiin modern Vietnam, the Zhuang leaderNong Zhigaoled a revolt in 1052 for which he is still remembered by the Zhuang people.[19]His independent kingdom was short-lived, however, and the tattooed Song generalDi Qingreturned Guangxi to China.

The MongolianYuan Dynastyestablished control over the Southern Song following theBattle of Yamenin 1279 and annexed the independent state ofDalithat had arisen in Yunnan. Rather than ruling Lingnan as a subject territory, the Mongolians established Guangxi as a proper province, but the introduction of theMiaofromGuizhouandHunankept the region unsettled.

The area continued to be unruly, leading theMing Dynastyto employ the different groups against one another. One of the bloodiest battles in Zhuang history was that atBig Rattan Gorgeagainst the Yao in 1465, where 20,000 deaths were reported.

The ManchurianQing Dynastyleft the region alone until the imposition of direct rule in 1726, but the 19th century was one of constant unrest. A Yao revolt in 1831 was followed by theTaiping Rebellionin 1850. The execution of St.Auguste Chapdelaineby local officials in Guangxi provoked theSecond Opium Warin 1858 and subsequent French interference in the interior. AlthoughBrière de l\'Islewas unable to invade its depot atLongzhou, theGuangxi Armysaw a great deal of action in the 1884Franco-Chinese War. Largely ineffective within Vietnam, it was able to repulse the French from China itself at theBattle of Zhennan Pass.

Modern times[edit]Ping An, a Zhuang village in theLongsheng Rice Terrace

Following theWuchang Uprising, Guangxi seceded from the Qing Empire on 6 November 1911. The Qing governor,Shen Bingdan, initially remained in place, but was subsequently removed by a mutiny commanded by GeneralLu Rongting. General Lu\'sGuangxi CliqueoverranHunanandGuangdongas well and helped lead theresistancetoYuan Shikai\'s attempt to reestablish an imperial government. Zhuang loyalty made hisSelf-Government Armycohesive but reluctant to move far beyond its own provinces. Subsequent feuding withSun Yat-senled to defeat in the 1920 and 1921Yue-Gui Wars. After a brief occupation byChen Jiongming\'s Cantonese forces, Guangxi fell into disunity and profound banditry for several years[20]untilLi Zongren\'sGuangxi Pacification Armyestablished theNew Guangxi Cliquedominated by Li,Huang Shaohong, andBai Chongxi.

Successful action in Hunan againstWu Peifuled to the Zhuang GPA becoming known as the \"Flying Army\" and the \"Army of Steel.\" After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Li also repulsedTang Jiyao\'s revolt in theYunnan–Guangxi Warand joined theNorthern ExpeditionestablishingRepublicancontrol over other warlords. His was one of the fewNationalistunits free from serious Communist influence and was therefore employed byChiang Kai-shekin theShanghai Massacre of 1927.

After a falling out with Chiang, Li joinedYan Xishan\'s revolt in theCentral Plains War. His defeat did not remove him from control of Guangxi and theMukden Incidentand Japanese invasion kept Chiang and the Communists from removing his influence until 1949. During World War II, Guangxi was a major target of Japanese attacks. The 1944Operation Ichi-Gosuccessfully expanded Japanese control along the rail lines through Guangxi intoFrench Indochina, although the line remained harassed by American bombers and Zhuang guerrillas underBai style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small; \">