JESUS CHRIST Class I Anonymous Ancient 1078AD Byzantine Follis Coin CROSS i54227
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JESUS CHRIST Class I Anonymous Ancient 1078AD Byzantine Follis Coin CROSS i54227:
$525.00
Item: i54227
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Byzantine Empire
Anonymous Class I
Bronze Follis 22mm (3.19 grams)
Struck during the reign of Nicephorus III - 24 March 1078 - 4 April 1081 A.D.
Reference: Sear 1889
Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus crown, pallium and colobium, and raising right hand in beneditcion,in left hand, the book of Gospels, IC to left, XC to right; within border.
Latin cross, with X at center, and globule and two pellets at each extremity; in lower field,on either side, floral ornament; in uppper field, on either side, crescent.
For more than a century, the production of Follis denomination Byzantine coins had religious Christian motifs which included included Jesus Christ, and even Virgin Mary. These coins were designed to honor Christ and recognize the subservient role of the Byzantine emperor, with many of the reverse inscriptions translating to \"Jesus Christ King of Kings\" and \"May Jesus Christ Conquer\". The Follis denomination coins were the largest bronze denomination coins issued by the Byzantine empire, and their large size, along with the Christian motif make them a popular coin type for collectors. This series ran from the period of Byzantine emperors John I (969-976 A.D.) to Alexius I (1081-1118 A.D.). The accepted classification was originally devised by Miss Margaret Thompson with her study of these types of coins. World famous numismatic author, David R. Sear adopted this classification system for his book entitled, Byzantine Coins and Their Values. The references about this coin site Mr. Sear\'s book by the number that they appear in that work. The class types of coins includedClass A1,Class A2,Class B,Class C,Class D,Class E,Class F,Class G,Class H,Class I,Class J,Class K. Read more and see examples of these coins by reading theJESUS CHRIST Anonymous Class A-N Byzantine Follis Coins Reference.
Click here to see all the Jesus Christ Anonymous Follis coins for sale.
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Jesus of Nazareth (c. 5 BC/BCE – c. 30 AD/CE), also referred to as Jesus Christ or simply Jesus, is the central figure of Christianity. MostChristian denominations venerate him asGod the Sonincarnated and believe that herose from the dead after beingcrucified.
The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four canonical gospels, and mostcritical scholars find them, at least theSynoptic Gospels, useful for reconstructing Jesus’ life and teachings. Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel according to the Hebrews are alsorelevant.
Most critical historians agree that Jesus was aJew who was regarded as a teacher andhealer, that hewas baptized byJohn the Baptist, andwas crucified inJerusalem on the orders of theRoman PrefectJudaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge ofsedition against the Roman Empire. Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-describedMessiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of theHistorical Jesus consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating an imminent apocalypse. Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus\' \"Kingdom of God\" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus wasborn of a virgin:529–32 performedmiracles,:358–59 foundedthe Church,rose from the dead, andascended intoheaven,:616–20 from which hewill return.:1091–109 Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God, arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament. The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, one of three divine persons of a Trinityreject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.
NikephorosIII Botaneiates, Latinized as NicephorusIII Botaniates (Greek:Νικηφόρος Βοτανειάτης, c. 1002 – 10 December 1081) wasByzantineemperor from 1078 to 1081. He belonged to a family which claimed descent from the ByzantinePhokas family.
Early careerNikephoros Botaneiates had served as general from the reign ofConstantineIX. Drawn to politics, he had been an active participant in the uprising that broughtIsaacI to the throne in 1057, including a prominent role in theBattle of Petroe. Although considered a competent general, he had suffered a number of humiliating setbacks throughout his career. In 1064, he, together withBasil Apokapes,doux ofParadounavon, defended theBalkan frontiers against the invadingOghuz Turks, but was defeated and suffered the humiliation of being taken captive. However, the outbreak of an epidemic soon began decimating the Turks and the prisoners were recovered, while the survivors were quickly recruited in theByzantine army.
In 1067, he had been considered as a possible husband for the empressEudokia Makrembolitissa, widowed wife of ConstantineX, but she eventually set her heart onRomanosIV Diogenes. Excluded from Romanos\'s campaign atManzikert, he retired to his estates inAnatolia. Eventually, underMichaelVII Doukas, he becamestrategos of theAnatolic theme and commander of the troops inAsia Minor. Here he participated in the shambolic acts that crippled the empire’s Eastern provinces, including his strategic retreat whenCaesar John Doukas was confrontingNorman mercenary rebels, resulting in the humiliating defeat of the Byzantine army, and the capture of John Doukas.
In 1078 he revolted against MichaelVII and his finance minister Nikephoritzes, and with the support of theSeljuk Turks who provided him with valuable troops he marched uponNicaea, where he proclaimed himself emperor. In the face of another rebellious general,Nikephoros Bryennios, his election was ratified by the aristocracy and clergy, while MichaelVII abdicated and became a monk. On 24 March 1078, NikephorosIII Botaneiates entered Constantinople in triumph and was crowned byPatriarch KosmasI of Constantinople. With the help of his generalAlexios Komnenos, hedefeated Bryennios and other rivals, but failed to clear the invading Turks out ofAsia Minor.
ReignTo solidify his position, on the death of his second wife NikephorosIII sought to marryEudokia Makrembolitissa, the mother of MichaelVII and the widow ofConstantineX and RomanosIV. This plan was undermined by the CaesarJohn Doukas, and Nikephoros instead marriedMaria of Alania. They married in contravention of church canons, as Maria was still at that time, the wife of MichaelVII who had entered the monastery of Stoudios. Nevertheless, Nikephoros did not recognize the succession rights of Maria\'s sonConstantine Doukas, while his plan to promote his worthless nephew Synadenos as co-emperor exposed him to the suspicion and plots of the surviving portions of the Doukas faction at court. Nikephoros\' administration did not win him much support, as his favored courtiers alienated much of the older court bureaucracy and failed to stop the devaluation of the Byzantine currency.
Almost immediately, the uprisings began. Apart from the discontent of the Byzantine aristocracy, severalArmenian princes in Asia Minor attempted to establish their independence from the empire. TwoPaulician leaders launched their own rebellion in Thrace, in a brutal religious conflict that was not easily suppressed. Consequently, Nikephoros became increasingly dependent on the support of Alexios Komnenos, who successfully defeated the rebellion ofNikephoros Basilakes in the Balkans (1079) and was charged with containing that ofNikephoros Melissenos in Anatolia (1080). The Byzantine Empire also faced foreign invasion, as theNorman DukeRobert Guiscard of Apulia declared war under the pretext of defending the rights of young Constantine Doukas, who had been engaged to Robert\'s daughter Helena. As Alexios was entrusted with substantial armed forces to combat the impending Norman invasion, the Doukas faction, led by the Caesar John, conspired to overthrow Nikephoros and replace him with Alexios. Failing to secure the support of either theSeljuk Turks or Nikephoros Melissenos (both parties being his traditional enemies), NikephorosIII was forced to abdicate in favour of the Komnenos dynasty, to which he was connected through the engagement of his grandson to the daughter of Alexios\'s older brother Manuel. The deposed emperor retired into themonastery that he had endowed and died later the same year.
NikephorosIII in fictionNicephorusIII is also a fictionalByzantine Emperor ruling in the beginning of the 14th century inHarry Turtledove\'salternate history novel Agent of Byzantium.
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JESUS CHRIST Class I Anonymous Ancient 1078AD Byzantine Follis Coin CROSS i54227:
$525.00