RARE MONTANA antique book lot ephemera great falls butte helena mining

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RARE MONTANA antique book lot ephemera great falls butte helena mining:
$88.87

1. MIKE MANSFIELD\'S MONTANA 2nd ed. MIKE SAMPLE photos. 8 x 8 in 50 pgs, color. VG2. GREAT FALLS DEPARTMENTS 7th ed. nov 1930 A Brief Description Anaconda Copper Mining Company Anaconda Copper Wire and Cable Company . Overview of jobs and equipment. E-library (bound in hard buckram). 6 x 10 in3. SHALL OUR SCHOOLS BE DEPRIVED OF THEIR RIGHTFUL SHARE OF MONTANA\'S OIL WEALTH (exceprted from People\'s Voice, No 14 1952. 8 x 12 (2 copies) VG4. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC January 1986 (C M RUSSELL ISSUE) VG5. MONTANA FOREST AND TIMBER HANDBOOK by Cunningam, fullaway and whitney Feb 1926 UM School of forestry 162 pgs 6 x 9 in VG6. MONTANA THE BIG SKY COUNTRY centennial edition 8.5 x 11.5 VG7. LAWMAKERS OF MONTANA legislative session 19538. LAWMAKERS OF MONTANA legislative session 1955. Both these are signed by Hugo Aronson, former governor of Montana from Sweden.9. Pamphlet: CUSTER\'S LAST STAND reenactment 1964.10. ROCKIES MAGAZINE May 1896 ILLUSTRATED, bison head logo. Dillon MT. 9 by 1111. CONGREGATIONAL NEWS Billings Montana Januaru 1890 8 page half sheet newspaper.12. 1939 supplement MINING REVIEW greater Helena Mining Region9 x 12 34 pages, VG++13. VACATION WONDERLAND WESTERN MONTANA THE MISSOULIAN, no date, but looks 1940s.
Will ship this for $7 media rate.
Be sure to check out all the other montana and history and antique books I am listing this astatein thenorthwesternregion of theUnited States. The state\'s name is derived from the Spanish wordmontaña(mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official,[6]including \"Big Sky Country\" and \"The Treasure State\", and slogans that include \"Land of the Shining Mountains\" and more recently \"The Last Best Place\".[7]

Montana is the4th largest in area, the7th least populous, and the3rd sparsely populatedof the50 U.S. states. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smallerisland rangesare found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of theRocky Mountains. The Eastern half of Montana is characterized by westernprairieterrain andbadlands.

The economy is primarily based on agriculture, includingranchingand cereal grain farming. Other significant economic activities include oil, gas, coal and hard rock mining,lumber, and the fastest-growing sector, tourism.[8]The health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the state\'s economy.[9]Millions of tourists annually visitGlacier National Park, theLittle Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, andYellowstone National Park.[10]

Contents[hide]

1Etymology and naming history
2Geography
- 2.1Topography
  - 2.1.1Rivers, lakes and reservoirs
    - 2.1.1.1Pacific Ocean drainage basin
    - 2.1.1.2Gulf of Mexico drainage basin
    - 2.1.1.3Hudson Bay drainage basin
    - 2.1.1.4Lakes and reservoirs
- 2.2Flora and fauna
- 2.3Protected lands
- 2.4Climate
- 2.5Antipodes
3History
- 3.1Montana territory
- 3.2Conflicts
- 3.3Cattle ranching
- 3.4Railroads
- 3.5Statehood
- 3.6Homesteading
- 3.7Montana and World War I
- 3.8Depression era
- 3.9Montana and World War II
- 3.10Other military
- 3.11Cold War Montana
4Demographics
- 4.1Intrastate demographics
- 4.2Language
- 4.3Religion
- 4.4Native Americans
- 4.5Birth data
5Economy
6Education
- 6.1Colleges and universities
- 6.2Schools
7Culture
- 7.1Major cultural events
- 7.2Sports
  - 7.2.1Professional sports
  - 7.2.2College sports
  - 7.2.3Other sports
  - 7.2.4Olympic competitors
  - 7.2.5Sporting achievements
- 7.3Outdoor recreation
  - 7.3.1Fishing and hunting
  - 7.3.2Winter sports
8Health
9Media
10Transportation
11Law and government
- 11.1Constitution
- 11.2State government: Executive
- 11.3State government: Legislative
- 11.4State government: Judicial
- 11.5Federal offices and courts
12Politics
- 12.1Current trends
13Cities and towns
14State symbols
15See also
16References
17Bibliography
18Further reading
19External links

Etymology and naming history[edit]

The name Montana comes from the Spanish wordMontañaand the Latin wordMontana, meaning \"mountain\", or more broadly, \"mountainous country\".[11][12]Montaña del Nortewas the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west.[12]The name Montana was added to a bill by theUnited States House Committee on Territories, which was chaired at the time by Rep.James AshleyofOhio, for the territory that would becomeIdaho Territory.[13]The name was changed by RepresentativesHenry Wilson(Massachusetts) andBenjamin F. Harding(Oregon), who complained Montana had \"no meaning\".[13]When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again choseMontana Territory.[14]This time Rep.Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name.[14]Cox complained that the name was amisnomergiven most of the territory was not mountainous and that aNative Americanname would be more appropriate than a Spanish one.[14]Other names such asShoshonewere suggested, but it was decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, so the original name of Montana was adopted.[14]

Geography[edit]See also:Regional designations of Montana,Ecological systems of Montana,List of mountain ranges in Montana, andList of forests in MontanaMap of Montana

Montana is one of the nineMountain States, located in the north of the region known as theWestern United States. It bordersNorth DakotaandSouth Dakotato the east.Wyomingis to the south,Idahois to the west and southwest,[15]and threeCanadian provinces,British Columbia,Alberta, andSaskatchewan, are to the north.

With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2)[1], Montana is the fourth largest state in the United States afterAlaska,Texas, andCalifornia;[16]it is the largestlandlockedU.S. state.[17]

Topography[edit]

The state\'stopographyis roughly defined by theContinental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct Eastern and western regions.[18]Most of Montana\'s 100 or more named mountain ranges are in the state\'s western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the NorthernRocky in the state\'s south-central part are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains.[20]TheRocky Mountain Frontis a significant feature in the state\'s north-central portion,[21]and isolatedisland rangesthat interrupt theprairielandscape common in the central and Eastern parts of the state.[22]About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northernGreat Plains.[23]

TheBitterroot Mountains—one of the longest continuous ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska toMexico[24]—along with smaller ranges, including theCoeur d\'Alene Mountainsand theCabinet Mountains, divide the state from Idaho. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide.[25]Other major mountain ranges west of the Divide include theCabinet Mountains, theAnaconda Range, theMissions, theGarnet Range,Sapphire Mountains, andFlint Creek Range.[26]

Montana terrain

The Divide\'s northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of theRocky Mountain Front.[27]The front is most pronounced in theLewis Range, located primarily inGlacier National Park.[28]Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, theNorthern Divide(which begins in Alaska\'sSeward Peninsula)[29]crosses this region and turns east in Montana atTriple Divide Peak.[30]It causes theWaterton River,Belly, andSaint Maryrivers to flow north intoAlberta, Canada.[31]There they join theSaskatchewan River, which ultimately empties intoHudson Bay.[32]

East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the state\'s southern part, including theGravelly Range, theMadison Range,Gallatin Range,Absaroka Mountainsand theBeartooth Mountains.[33]The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000m) high in the continental United States.[34]It contains the state\'s highest point,Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high.[34]North of these ranges are theBig Belt Mountains,Bridger Mountains,Tobacco Roots, and several island ranges, including theCrazy MountainsandLittle Belt Mountains.[35]

St. Mary Lakein Glacier National Park

Between many mountain ranges are rich river valleys. TheBig Hole Valley,[36]Bitterroot Valley,[37]Gallatin Valley,[38]Flathead Valley,[39][40]andParadise Valley[41]have extensive agricultural resources and multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation.

East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populatedNorthern Plains, withtablelandprairies, smaller island mountain ranges, andbadlands.[42]The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains,[43]Bull Mountains,[44]Castle Mountains,[45]Crazy Mountains,[46]Highwood Mountains,[47]Judith Mountains,[47]Little Belt Mountains,[45]Little Rocky Mountains,[47]thePryor Mountains,[46]Snowy Mountains,[44]Sweet Grass Hills,[44]and—in the state\'s southEastern corner nearEkalaka—theLong Pines.[19]Many of these isolated Eastern ranges were created about 120 to 66 million years ago whenmagmawelling up from the interior cracked and bowed the earth\'s surface here.[48]

The area east of the divide in the state\' north-central portion is known for theMissouri Breaksand other significantrock formations.[49]Threebuttessouth ofGreat Fallsare major landmarks: Cascade, Crown, Square, Shaw and Buttes.[50]Known aslaccoliths, they formed whenigneous rockprotruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock.[50]The underlying surface consists ofsandstoneandshale.[51]Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland.[52]Foothill regions are often covered in weathered stone or brokenslate, or consist of uncovered bare rock (usually igneous,quartzite, sandstone, or shale).[53]The soil of intermountain basins usually consists ofclay,gravel,sand,silt, andvolcanic ash, much of it laid down by lakes which covered the region during theOligocene33 to 23 million years ago.[54]Tablelands are often topped withargillitegravel and weathered quartzite, occasionally underlain by shale.[55]The glaciated plains are generally covered in clay, gravel, sand, and silt left by theproglacialLake Great Fallsor bymorainesor gravel-covered former lake basins left by theWisconsin glaciation85,000 to 11,000 years ago.[56]Farther east, areas such asMakoshika State ParknearGlendiveandMedicine Rocks State Parknear Ekalaka contain some of the most scenicbadlandsregions in the state.[57]

TheBelly RiverinWaterton Lakes National Park

TheHell Creek Formationin Northeast Montana is a major source Hornerof theMuseum of the RockiesinBozemanbrought this formation to the world\'s attention with several major finds.[59]

Rivers, lakes and reservoirs[edit]See also:List of rivers of MontanaandList of lakes in Montana

Montana has thousands of named rivers and creeks,[60]450 miles (720km) of which are known water resources provide for recreation,hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three majorwatersheds(i.e. where twocontinental dividesintersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, theGulf of Mexico, andHudson Bay. The watersheds divide atTriple Divide Peakin Glacier National Park.[63]

Pacific Ocean drainage basin[edit]Missouri Breaksregion in central Montana

West of the divide, theClark Forkof the Columbia (not to be confused with theClarks Forkof the Yellowstone River) rises nearButte[64]and flows northwest toMissoula, where it is joined by theBlackfoot RiverandBitterroot River.[65]Farther downstream, it is joined by theFlathead Riverbefore entering Idaho nearLake Pend Oreille.[31][66]ThePend Oreille Riverforms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. The Pend Oreille River joined theColumbia River, which flows to the Pacific Ocean—making the 579-mile (932km) long Clark Fork/Pend Oreille (considered a single river system) the longest river in the Rocky Mountains.[67]The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state.[68]TheKootenai Riverin northwest Montana is another major tributary of the Columbia.[69]

Gulf of Mexico drainage basin[edit]

East of the divide theMissouri River, which is formed by the confluence of theJefferson,MadisonandGallatinrivers nearThree Forks,[70]flows due north through the west-central part of the state toGreat Falls.[71]From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks toFort Peck reservoir.[72]The stretch of river between Fort Benton and theFred Robinson Bridgeat the western boundary of Fort Peck Reservoir was designated aNational Wild and Scenic Riverin 1976.[72]The Missouri entersNorth DakotanearFort Union,[73]having drained more than half the land area of Montana (82,000 square miles (210,000km2)).[71]Nearly one-third of the Missouri River in Montana lies behind 10 dams:Toston,Canyon Ferry,Hauser,Holter,Black Eagle,Rainbow,Cochrane,Ryan,Morony, and Fort Peck.[74]

TheYellowstone Riverrises on the continental divide nearYounts Peakin Wyoming\'sTeton Wilderness.[75]It flows north throughYellowstone National Park, enters Montana nearGardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley toLivingston.[76]It then flows northEasterly[76]across the state through Billings,Miles City,Glendive, andSidney.[77]The Yellowstone joins the Missouri in North Dakota just east of Fort Union.[78]It is the longest undammed, free-flowing river in the contiguous United States,[79][80]and drains about a quarter of Montana (36,000 square miles (93,000km2)).[71]

Other major Montana tributaries of the Missouri include Rivers.[85]Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world\'s shortest river, theRoe River, just outsideGreat Falls.[86]Through the Missouri, these rivers ultimately join theMississippi Riverand flow into theGulf of Mexico.[87]

Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include theBoulder,[88]Stillwater,[89]Clarks Rivers.[93]

Hudson Bay drainage basin[edit]

TheNorthern Divideturns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak, causing theWaterton River,Belly, andSaint Maryrivers to flow north into Alberta. There they join theSaskatchewan River, which ultimately empties intoHudson Bay.[32]

Lakes and reservoirs[edit]

There are some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, includingFlathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes includeWhitefish Lakein the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state isFort Peck Reservoiron the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world.[94]Other major reservoirs includeHungry Horseon the Flathead River;Lake Koocanusaon the Kootenai River;Lake Elwellon the Marias River;Clark Canyonon the Beaverhead River;Yellowtailon the Bighorn River,Canyon Ferry,Hauser,Holter,Rainbow; andBlack Eagleon the Missouri River.

Flora and fauna[edit]Pompey\'s Pillar National MonumentSee also:List of monocotyledons of Montana,List of coniferous plants of Montana,List of lichens of Montana,List of amphibians and reptiles of Montana,List of birds of Montana,Fish of Montana,Mammals of Montana, andList of taxa described from Montana

Vegetation of the state includeslodgepole pine,ponderosa pine;Douglas fir,larch,spruce;aspen,birch,red cedar,hemlock,ash,alder; rocky mountainmapleandcottonwoodtrees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana anddryads. Several species ofsagebrushandcactusand many species of grasses are common. Many species ofmushroomsandlichens[95]are also found in the state.

Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14amphibian,[96]90 fish,[97]117mammal,[98]20reptile[99]and 427bird[100]species. Additionally, there are over 10,000invertebratespecies, including 180mollusksand 30crustaceans. Montana has the largestgrizzly bearpopulation in the lower 48 states.[101]Montana hosts five federallyendangered species–black-footed ferret,whooping crane,least tern,pallid sturgeonandwhite sturgeonand seventhreatened speciesincluding thegrizzly bear,Canadian lynxandbull trout.[102]TheMontana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parksmanages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species ofgame fishincluding seven species oftrout,walleyeandsmallmouth bass[103]and at least 29 species of game birds and animals includingring-neck pheasant,grey partridge,elk,pronghorn antelope,mule deer,whitetail deer,gray wolfandbighorn sheep.[104]

Protected lands[edit]See also:List of Montana state parksBisonherd grazing at theNational Bison Range

Montana containsGlacier National Park, \"The Crown of the Continent\"; and portions ofYellowstone National Park, including three of the park\'s five entrances. Other federally recognized sites include theLittle Bighorn National Monument,Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area,Big Hole National Battlefield, and theNational Bison Range. Approximately 31,300,000 acres (127,000km2), or 35 percent of Montana\'s land is administered by federal or state agencies. TheU.S. Department of AgricultureForest Serviceadministers 16,800,000 acres (68,000km2) of forest land in tenNational Forests. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000km2) ofwildernessin 12 separatewilderness areasthat are part of theNational Wilderness Preservation Systemestablished by theWilderness Act of 1964. TheU.S. Department of the InteriorBureau of Land Managementcontrols 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of fede