Vintage Vietnam Nung Hill Tribe Buffalo Horn Fish Net Tool
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Vintage Vietnam Nung Hill Tribe Buffalo Horn Fish Net Tool:
$90.00
Vintage Vietnam Nung Hill Tribe Buffalo Horn Fish Net Tool
100% Hand Made
This is a very rareexquisitely hand crafted fish net tool made and used by the Nung Hill tribe people of Northern Vietnam. Tools like this are still used to make and repair fishing nets that are used to catch fish mostly in rivers and streams. This is one of the oldest and best crafted fish net tools that I have ever come across. Old fish tools like this are increasingly difficult to find these days.I was very fortunate to find and procure this unique masterpiece during a recent trip to Northern Vietnam. I have included more info about the Nung people below. If you are an avid collector of rare & unusual tools you should not hesitate about procuring this rare masterpiece.
Size: Can be seen in photos.
Materials: Buffalo Bone
Age: Circa 1950
Don\'t let this unique opportunity pass you by... Buy It Now!
Thanks for your time and consideration... Dobuydon
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Nùng peopleFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor the Tibeto-Burman people Nung, seeNungish languages. For the Chinese Nung, seeHoa people.NùngTotal populationVietnam968,800 (2009)[1]Regions with significant populationsVietnam, folk religion,[2]BuddhismRelated ethnic groupsZhuang peopleandTày people
TheNùng(pronounced as noong[nuːŋ]) are an ethnic minority in Vietnam whose language belongs tothe Central Tai branchofthe Tai-Kadai language family. The Nùng sometimes call themselves as Tho (Vietnamese: Thổ, a shared name betweenthe Tàyandthe Cuối, literally meansNatives). The term Thai Nung is also used to distinguish them with the Chinese Nùng who were the majority ethnic group in the Nung Autonomous Territory of Hai Ninh (1947-1954). The Nùng\'s ethnic name is often mingled with the Tày as Tày-Nùng.
The Nùng reside primarily in the northern Vietnamese provinces ofCao Bằng,Lạng Sơn, with considerable numbers inBắc Giang,Bắc Kạn,Thái Nguyên,Quảng Ninh,Lào Cai,Hà Giang,Tuyên Quang,Yên Báiand they can also be found inLâm Đồng,Đắc Lắc(migrated afterthe Sino-Vietnamese Warin 1979) andHồ Chí Minh City.
According to the Vietnam census, the population of the Nùng numbered about 856,412 by 1999 and 968,800 by 2009. It\'s estimated to be more than 1,000,000 in 2014 (based on the 2009 census and 5 years of population growth). InVietnam, the Nùng are the third largest Tai-speaking group, preceded by the Tày and the Thái (Black Tai,White TaiandRed Taigroups), and sixth overall among national minority groups.
They are closely related tothe Tàyandthe Zhuang. In China, the Nùng, together withthe Tày, are classified asZhuang people.
The Nùng are divided into several sub-groups such as: Nùng Xuồng, Nùng Giang, Nùng An, Nùng Phàn Slình, Nùng Lòi, Nùng Cháo, Nùng Quý Rỉn, Nùng Dín, Nùng Inh, Nùng Tùng Slìn, Nùng Hàn Xích, Nùng Sẻng, Nùng Gửi, Nùng Vảng, Nùng Giang Viện, Nùng Si Kết etc.
Many of the Nùng\'s sub-group names correspond to the geographic regions of the Nùng homeland. Hoàng Nam (2008:11) lists the following Nùng subgroups.[3]
- Nùng Inh: migrated from Long Ying
- Nùng Phàn Slình: migrated from Wan Cheng
- Nùng Phàn Slình thua lài
- Nùng Phàn Slình cúm cọt
- 1Name confusion
- 2History
- 3Description
- 4Language
- 5Religion
- 6Customs
- 7In popular culture
- 8See also
- 9Notes
- 10References
- 11Further reading
- 12External links
In Vietnam, there was a group of ethnic Chinese called the Chinese Nùng(Vietnamese: Hoa Nùng or Tàu Nùng). These Chinese Nùng composed 72%[4]to 78%[5]of the population of theNung Autonomous Territory of Hai Ninh(1947-1954) located in thenortheast corner of Vietnam, covering parts of present-dayQuảng NinhandLạng Sơnprovinces. The Chinese Nùng\'s name originated from the fact that almost all of them were farmers (nong nhaninCantonese).[6]AfterTreaty of Tientsin (1885), the French refused to recognize this group as Chinese due to political and territorial issues on Vietnam\'s northern frontier border, therefore the French classified them as Nùng based on their main occupation. The most widely used languages of the Chinese Nùng wereNgai,Cantonese,HakkaandSan Diu[7]as they descended from people speaking these dialects. After 1954, more than 50,000 Nùng led by ColonelVong A Sang(or Swong A Sang) fled as refugees,joining the 1 million northern Vietnamese who fled southand resettled inSouth Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, the Chinese Nung soldiers were best-known for their loyalty toUS Special Forcesand had a reputation as the most-feared fighters of all the minority groups trained by the Americans. After theFall of Saigonin 1975, many of the Nungs fled Vietnam asBoat Peoplepolitical refugees, many to Hong Kong\'s and Malaysia\'s refugee camps. Most were resettled in the US, Canada, France, Australia etc.
Unlike the Chinese Nung, the Thai Nùng migrated from southernGuangxiand southeastYunnanto northern Vietnam since the 1700s.[8]A Vietnamese scholar, Nguyen Van Loi of the Vietnam Institute of Linguistics, has argued that the Nùng Dín sub-group arrived in Vietnam between the eighth and tenth centuries.[9]Michael Howard cites Be, Nguyen and Chu (1992:48) as claiming that: though the clan named Nong / Nùng existed earlier, the term “did not refer to a separate ethnic name until the fifteenth century.” Along with Luu (1986: 170), Howard argues that those now officially categorized as Nùng in Vietnam have arrived there much more recently than their Tày cousins.[10]This migration was not a single mass exodus, but rather as a series of small migrations as individual families and clans fled the political turmoil, civil war, and bloodshed that often occure inSouthern China, especially inGuangxiin the nineteenth century, and went in search of new agricultural land. Their name Nùng derives from the clan name Nông, one of the four most powerful clans of an ethno-linguistic group of Central Tai-speakers, presently known asZhuangin southern China, andTay, Nung in Vietnam, who have historically and prehistorically inhabited the present-day Sino-Vietnamese borderlands.[11]
InFugong Countyin China andKachin StateinBurma, there is another ethnic group named Nung, speaking aTibeto-Burman languagealso calledNung.
History[edit]The Nùng\'s history may date back to the eleventh century with the rise of the Nùng (Nông 儂) clan, one of the four most powerful Central Tai speaking clans in the Sino-Vietnamese frontier region. In 1038,Nùng Tồn Phúc(Nong Quanfu, Chinese: 儂全福), a Nùng chieftain, proclaimed the founding of a state,Chang Qi Guo (長其國 ). The king of the Viet kingdom Dai Co Viet led an army into the region in the third month of 1039, captured Nùng Tồn Phúc and most of his family, and returned them to Dai Co Viet for execution. His 14-year-old son,Nùng Trí Cao(Nong Zhigao, Chinese: 儂智高), evaded capture.[12]Nùng Trí Caothen rose up three times in 1041, 1048, 1052. But finally he was defeated bythe Song, a Chinese dynasty at that times. After the defeat of Nùng Trí Cao, Many of the Nùng rebels fled to Vietnam, concentrating aroundCao BằngandLạng Sơnprovinces and became known as the Nùng. Barlow (2005) suggests that many of the original 11th-century rebels who fled to Vietnam were absorbed by the related Tày peoples of the region.[12]
The Nùng, although lacking a leader of the stature ofNùng Trí Cao, rose up in 1352, 1430, 1434[12]and many other unrecorded rebellions.
In the 16th century the Zhuang, principally fromGuangxiand perhaps from southeastYunnan, began migrating into Vietnam. This movement was quickened by the acceleration of the cycle of disasters, and by the political events of the seventeenth century which brought larger numbers of Chinese immigrants into the region, such as the fall of the Ming, the rebellion of Wu Sangui, the Qing occupation, and the Muslim revolts in Yunnan.[12]This migration was a peaceful one which occurred family by family.[12]French administrators later identified a number of Nùng clans in the course of their ethnographic surveys.[12]These had incorporated Chinese place names in their clan names and hence indicate the place of their origin in China, such as the \"Nùng Inh\" clan, from Long Ying in the southwest of Guangxi.[12]Such other names as can be correlated with locations indicate that the migrants were primarily from the immediate frontier region of the southwest of Guangxi.[12]The Nùng became increasingly numerous in the region, and were spread out through a long stretch of the Vietnamese northern border fromLạng SơntoCao Bằng, and about That Khe.[12]TheMạc dynasty, a Vietnamese dynasty ruled over the Vietnamese northeast highlands, profited from the migration in that they were able to draw upon Nùng manpower for their own forces.[12]
In 1833,Nông Văn Vân, a Nùng chieftain, led a rebellion against Vietnamese rule. He quickly took control ofCao Bằng,Tuyên Quang,Thái NguyênandLạng Sơnprovinces, aiming to create a separate Tày-Nùng state in the northern region of Vietnam. His rising was eventually suppressed by theNguyễn dynastyin 1835.
In the 1860s, the Nùng sided with Sioung (Xiong), a self-proclaimedHmongking. Sioung\'s armies raided gold from Buddhist temples and seized large tracts of land from other people.[13]
The period from theTaiping Rebellion(1850–64) to the early twentieth century was marked by continual waves of immigration by Zhuang/Nùng peoples from China into Vietnam.[12]These waves were a result of the continuous drought of Guangxi which made the thinly occupied lands of northern Vietnam an attractive alternative habitation. The immigration process was generally a peaceful one as the Nùng purchased land from the \"Tho\" owners.[12]The Nùng were superior to the Tho in cultivating wet rice and transformed poor lands, facilitating later migrations into adjoining areas.[12]The repeated violent incursions of the Taiping era and theBlack Flagoccupation accelerated the outflow of Tho as the bands from China were largely Zhuang who favored the Nùng at the expense of the Tho.[12]The Tho who remained became alienated from the Vietnamese government which could not offer protection and became clients of the Chinese and the Nùng.[12]
The Nùng dominance became so pronounced that whenSun Yat-senwished to raise fighters in the region, he could recruit them from Nùng villages such as Na Cen and Na Mo, both on the Vietnamese side of the border.[12]The French colonists, who began to invade Vietnam from 1858, saw this Nùng predominance as a threat, and found it convenient at that time to re-assert the primacy of the Vietnamese administrative system in the region.[12]
The French, however, perhaps having less choice, tended to support the Tho and other minorities, often undifferentiated as \"Man\" in their reports—usually a reference toYao—as a counterweight against the Nùng.[12]In 1908, for example, following an incident in whichSun Yat-sen\'s mercenary Nung warriors had killed several French officers, the French offered a bounty of eight dollars for each head brought in by the \"Man\".[12]The bounty was paid 150 times.[12]
The French colonial government took advantage of ancient tensions between the highland ethnic groups and theKinhmajority in Vietnam. In the northwest mountains, they set up a semi-autonomous minority federation calledSip Song Chau Tai(French:Pays Taï), complete with armed militias and border guards.[14]When war broke out in 1946, groups of Thai, H’mong and Muong in the northwest sided with the French and against the Vietnamese and even provided battalions to fight with the French troops.[14]But The Nùng andTàysupported theViet Minhand provided the Vietnamese leader,Ho Chi Minh, with a safe base for his guerrilla armies.[15]After defeating the French atDien Bien Phu in 1954, the Viet Minh tried to win the allegiance of all of the northern ethnic minorities by creating two autonomous zones,Thai–Meo Autonomous ZoneandViet Bac Autonomous Zonerespectively, allowing limited self-government within a “unified multi-national state”.[14]During theVietnam War, many Nùng fought alongside the North Vietnamese Army (NVA).[14]
After the Unification of Vietnam in 1975, Viet Bac Autonomous Zone in which the Nùng and Tày were most numerous was revoked byLê Duẩn. the new government pursued a policy of forced assimilation of the minorities into the Vietnamese culture.[14]All education was conducted in the Vietnamese language, traditional customs were discouraged or outlawed, and minority people were moved from their villages into government settlements.[14]At the same time the government created“New Economic Zones”along the Chinese border and in theCentral Highlands. Frequently this involved taking the best land in order to resettle thousands of people from the overcrowded lowlands.[14]During the 1980s, an estimated 250,000ethic Vietnamesewere settled in the mountainous regions along the Chinese border, leading to a shortage of food in the region and much suffering.[15]
As tension arose between Vietnam and China in 1975, Hanoi feared the loyalty of the Nùng andthe Chinese-Vietnamese,[16]concerning that they would side with China. This comes from the fact that many of the Nùng just migrated into the Vietnamese border side and many of their relatives still lived in the other side of the border. During the Chinese occupation of Vietnam in 1979, together withthe Chinese-Vietnamese, some of the Nung and eventhe Vietnamesecrossed the border intoChina, aiming to enterHong Kongto be resettled inUnited Statesas refugees. The Nùng nowaday can be found inthe US.
In the 1990s, theDoi Moi programbrought a shift in policy, including the creation of a government department responsible for minority affairs. Many of the changes and the liberalization that preserving the heritage of the Nung and other ethnic groups has a great appeal to tourists a source of significant income for Vietnam. Nonetheless, in many areas the minorities’ traditional lifestyles are fast being eroded.[15]
With the territorial disputes between Vietnam and China in recent years, the ethnic minorities living in the borderland, including the Nùng, have been under the watchful eye of the Vietnamese government.
Description[edit]A hand basket of Nùng people in VietnamThe Nùng support themselves throughagriculture, such asfarmingon terraced hillsides, tendingrice paddies, and growingorchardproducts. They They are also known for theirhandicrafts, making items frombambooandrattan, as well asweaving. They engage incarpentryandironforgingalso.
Prominent Nùng persons includeKim Đồngof theAugust Revolutionin 1945.
Language[edit]TheNùng languageis part of theTai language family; its written script was developed around the 17th century. It is close to theZhuang language.
Religion[edit]Many Nùng practice anindigenous similarly to other Tai ethnic groups.[2]Others have adoptedBuddhism.
Customs[edit]When drinkingalcohol, partakers cross hands and drink from the opposite glass to demonstrate trust.Fairy tales,folk music, and adherence to tradition and ethnic identity are strong characteristics of Nùng people.
The Nùng\'s traditionalindigoclothing, symbolising faithfulness, was made famous byHồ Chí Minh, worn when he returned to Vietnam in 1941.
In popular culture[edit]Nông Thị Xuânwas a mistress of North Vietnamese communist leaderHo Chi Minhin the 1950s, who was later murdered in 1957 by government agents
Vintage Vietnam Nung Hill Tribe Buffalo Horn Fish Net Tool:
$90.00