childrens toy winterfest ornaments PLEDGE ITEMS charity

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Nutcracker soldier

crib of infant

santa on his sleigh

mini Christmas tree

Nutcracker dolls, also known as Christmas nutcrackers,are decorative nutcrackerfigurines most commonly made to resemble a toysoldier. In German tradition, the dolls are symbols of good luck,frightening away malevolent spirits.[1][2]While nearly all nutcrackers from before the first half of the 20thcentury are functional, a significant proportion of modernnutcrackers are primarily decorative, and not able to cracknuts.[3][4]Nutcrackers are also a part of German folklore, serving as protectorsof a house.

Original nutcracker dolls from NussknackerMuseum in Neuhausen,Saxony

Nutcracker dolls originate from late-17th century Germany,particularly the OreMountains (German: Erzgebirge) region.[1]One origin story attributes the creation of the first nutcracker dollto a craftsman from Seiffen.[2]They were often given as gifts, and at some point they becameassociated with Christmasseason. They grew in popularity around the 19th century and spread tonearby European countries.[1]As the demand grew, nutcracker doll production also began on a massscale in factories.[1]FriedrichWilhelm Füchtner[de](1844–1923), commonly known in Germany as "father of thenutcracker", began the first mass production of the design(using a lathe) athis workshop in Seiffenin Saxony nutcracker dolls began being popularized outside of Europeafter the SecondWorld War, when numerous American soldiers stationed in Germanycame home to the United States with German nutcrackers assouvenirs.[1][2]Further popularization came from PyotrIlyich Tchaikovsky's TheNutcracker, a ballet adaptation of E.T. A. Hoffmann's story TheNutcracker and the Mouse King, which featured a toy soldiernutcracker.[1]The ballet, introduced to America during the mid-20th century, becamea favorite holiday tradition across the United States[1]and helped make nutcracker dolls a Christmasdecoration and a seasonal icon across Western culture.[2][1]

An average handcrafted nutcracker doll is made out of about 60separate pieces.[2]Nutcracker dolls traditionally resemble toy soldiers, and are oftenpainted in bright colors.[1]Different designs proliferated early; by the early 19th century therewere ones dressed as miners, policemen, royalty or soldiers fromdifferent armies.[2]More recent variations have been made to resemble various pop-cultureor historical figurines, from BenjaminFranklin to OperationDesert Storm-uniformed American soldiers.[1][2]

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Neapolitan presepio at theCarnegieMuseum of Art in Pittsburgh

Detail of an elaborate Neapolitan presepio in Rome

In the Christiantradition, a nativity scene (also known as a manger scene,crib, crèche (/krɛʃ/or/kreɪʃ/),or in Italianpresepio or presepe, or Bethlehem)is the special exhibition, particularly during the Christmasseason, of art objects representing thestory of the birthof Jesus.[1][2]While the term "nativity scene" may be used of anyrepresentation of the very common subject of the Nativityof the story of Jesus in art, it has a more specialized sensereferring to seasonal displays, either using model figures in asetting or reenactments called "living nativity scenes"(tableauvivant) in which real humans and animals participate.Nativity scenes exhibit figures representing the infantJesus, his mother, Mary,and her husband, Joseph.

Other characters from the nativity story, such as shepherds,sheep, and angels may be displayed near the mangerin a barn(or cave) intended to accommodate farm animals, as described in theGospel ofLuke. A donkeyand an ox aretypically depicted in the scene, and the Magiand their camels, described in the Gospelstory of Matthew, are also included. Many also include arepresentation of the Starof Bethlehem. Several cultures add other characters and objectsthat may or may not be Biblical.

SaintFrancis of Assisi a man whom was friendly to animals is creditedwith creating the first live nativity scene in 1223 in order tocultivate the respect of Christ. He himself had recently beeninspired by his visit to the HolyLand, where he'd been shown Jesus's traditional birthplace in thestory. The scene's popularity inspired communities throughoutChristiancountries to stage similar exhibitions to the story depicted inthe bible.

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"Santa" redirects here. For other uses, see Santa (disambiguation) and Santa Claus (disambiguation).

For the fourth-century Christian saint Santa Claus was based on, see Saint Nicholas.

Santa Claus portrayed by JonathanMeath in 2010

Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, SaintNicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simplySanta, is a legendary[1]characteroriginating in WesternChristian culture who is said to bringgifts on Christmas Eve of toys and candy to well-behavedchildren,[2]and either coal ornothing to naughty children. He is said to accomplish this with theaid of Christmaselves, who make the toys in hisworkshop at the NorthPole, and flyingreindeer who pull his sleighthrough the air.[3][4]

The modern character of Santa Claus was based on traditionssurrounding the historical SaintNicholas (a fourth-century Greek bishopand gift-giver of Myra),the English figure of FatherChristmas, and the Dutchfigure of Sinterklaas(also based on Saint Nicholas).

Santa Claus is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-beardedman, often with spectacles,wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffedred trousers, red hat with white fur, and black leather belt andboots, carrying a bag full of gifts for children. He is commonlyportrayed as laughing in a way that sounds like "ho ho ho".This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19thcentury due to the significant influence of the 1823 poem "AVisit from St. Nicholas". Caricaturist and politicalcartoonist ThomasNast also played a role in the creation of Santa'simage.[5][6][7]This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio,television, children's books, films, and advertising.

The history of Christmas trees goes back to the symbolic use ofevergreens in ancient Egypt and Rome and continues with the Germantradition of candlelit Christmas trees first brought to America inthe 1800s. Discover the history of the Christmas tree, from theearliest winter solstice celebrations to Queen Victoria’sdecorating habits and the annual lighting of the Rockefeller Centertree in New York City.

Long before the advent of Christianity,plants and trees that remained green all year had a special meaningfor people in the winter. Just as people today decorate their homesduring the festive season with pine, spruce, and fir trees, ancientpeoples hung evergreen boughs over their doors and windows. In manycountries it was believed that evergreens would keep away witches,ghosts, evil spirits, and illness.

Did you know? Christmas trees are grown in all 50 states includingHawaii and Alaska.

In the Northern hemisphere, the shortest day and longest night ofthe year falls on December 21 or December 22 and is called the wintersolstice. Many ancient people believed that the sun was a god andthat winter came every year because the sun god had become sick andweak. They celebrated the solstice because it meant that at last thesun god would begin to get well. Evergreen boughs reminded them ofall the green plants that would grow again when the sun god wasstrong and summer would return.

The ancientEgyptians worshipped a god called Ra, who had the head of a hawkand wore the sun as a blazing disk in his crown. At the solstice,when Ra began to recover from his illness, the Egyptians filled theirhomes with green palm rushes, which symbolized for them the triumphof life over death.

Early Romansmarked the solstice with a feast called Saturnaliain honor of Saturn, the god of agriculture. The Romans knew that thesolstice meant that soon, farms and orchards would be green andfruitful. To mark the occasion, they decorated their homes andtemples with evergreen boughs.

In Northern Europe the mysterious Druids, the priests of theancient Celts,also decorated their temples with evergreen boughs as a symbol ofeverlasting life. The fierce Vikingsin Scandinavia thought that evergreens were the special plant of thesun god, Balder.

READ MORE: Historyof Christmas

Germany is credited with starting the Christmastree tradition as we now know it in the 16th century when devoutChristians brought decorated trees into their homes. Some builtChristmas pyramids of wood and decorated them with evergreens andcandles if wood was scarce. It is a widely held belief that MartinLuther, the 16th-century Protestant reformer, first added lightedcandles to a tree. Walking toward his home one winter evening,composing a sermon, he was awed by the brilliance of stars twinklingamidst evergreens. To recapture the scene for his family, he erecteda tree in the main room and wired its branches with lighted candles.

Most 19th-century Americans found Christmas trees an oddity. Thefirst record of one being on display was in the 1830s by the Germansettlers of Pennsylvania,although trees had been a tradition in many German homes muchearlier. The Pennsylvania German settlements had community trees asearly as 1747. But, as late as the 1840s Christmas trees were seen aspagan symbols and not accepted by most Americans.

It is not surprising that, like many other festive Christmascustoms, the tree was adopted so late in America. To the New EnglandPuritans, Christmas was sacred. The pilgrims’s second governor,WilliamBradford, wrote that he tried hard to stamp out “pagan mockery”of the observance, penalizing any frivolity. The influential OliverCromwell preached against “the heathen traditions” ofChristmas carols, decorated trees, and any joyful expression thatdesecrated “that sacred event.” In 1659, the General Court ofMassachusettsenacted a law making any observance of December 25 (other than achurch service) a penal offense; people were fined for hangingdecorations. That stern solemnity continued until the 19th century,when the influx of German and Irish immigrants undermined the Puritanlegacy.

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